八年級下英語知識點
英語知識點學習規律是個體學習英語知識時應遵循的一種規律。下面是小編為大家精心整理的，僅供參考。
***一***
重要片語及短語
1. could you please do sth.? 你能……嗎?/ 請你幹……好嗎?
2. do the chores 做雜務
3. do the dishes 洗餐具
4. sweep the floor 清掃地板
5. take out the trash 倒垃圾
6. make one's bed 鋪床
7. fold one's clothes 疊衣服
8. clean the living room 清掃客廳
9. stay out late 晚歸
10. come over 過來
11. have a test 考試
12. get a ride 搭車
13. use one's computer 使用某人的電腦
14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 討厭某事/做某事
like to do ***doing*** sth.
15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服
16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做飯
17. wash the car 刷車
18. work on 從事，忙於
work at 學習、致力於、在……上下工夫
19. borrow some money 借一些錢
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物***借入***
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借給某人某物***借出***
You can borrow some money from your brother.
你可以向你哥哥借些錢。
Can you lend me your bike? 你能借給我你的自行車嗎?
20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事
They invited me to join their club. 他們邀請我參加俱樂部。
invite sb to a place
invite you to my party
21. go to the store 去商店
22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人的意見
disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事
disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意見
23. take care of = look after 照顧、照看、照料
take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好
26. take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步
27. play with sb. 和某人玩
28. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事***未做***
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事***做過***
***1***do, make 短語歸類
do the dishes 洗餐具
do my homework 做我的家庭作業
do chores 做家務，處理瑣事
do the laundry 洗衣
do the shopping 購物
do some reading 讀書
make your bed 鋪床
make breakfast 做早餐
make dinner 做晚飯
make tea 泡茶，沏茶
make a cup of coffee 衝一杯咖啡
***2***關於 to 的短語總結：
have to do sth. 不得不，必須做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 討厭做某事
like to do sth. 喜歡做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 熱愛做某事 forget to do sth. 忘記做某事
start to do sth. 開始做某事 begin to do sth. 開始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 請某人做某事
***二***
重點句型
1. Could you please clean your room?
Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.
2. Could I please use the car?
Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示請求幫助或請求允許的疑問句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而 can 則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把 could 看作 can 的過去式。以上兩句中用 could 是為了表示禮貌的請求。表示請求幫助或請求允許時，除了 can, could 之外，還可以用 may，句子的表達方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個概念。例：
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?
作允答可以各種各樣：
如同意可以說 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，還可說 Yes, ***do*** please. 或 Of course. ***you may / can***. 或 That's OK / all right.
如果不同意，可以說 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免說 No, you can't. 這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。
***三***
Why don’t you talk to your parents?
重要詞彙和句型
1. get *** 1 *** 買 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 為某人買某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
== Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
*** 2 *** 得到, 到達 Where did you get the book ?
When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .
***3*** 使, 讓 get + 賓語 + 賓補 使某人\ 某物 怎麼樣
Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed .
get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday .
***4*** *** 逐漸*** 變得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about \ what about 後跟名詞\ 代詞\ 動詞ing形式。
*** 1*** 向對方提出建議或請求
How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?
***2*** 向對方徵求意見或看法
How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?
*** 3 *** 詢問天氣或身體情況
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?
*** 4 *** 談話中承接上下文
I’m forty years old . How about you ?
I’m from Beijing . How about you ?
3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .
She was very glad to receive the invitation .
He didn’t receive a good education at university .
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6--year – old child 一個六歲的孩子
6--year – old 是由 “數詞 +名詞 + 形容詞 ” 構成的複合形容詞, 作前置定語,
修飾後面的名詞child .
數詞+名詞+形容詞 構成的複合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數形式：
a five-year-old girl 一個五歲的女孩
a six-foot-deep hole 一個六英尺深的洞
a two-meter-long ruler 一把兩米長的尺子 a 100-meter race一場百米賽跑
a ten-story-high building 一棟十層高的樓房
a two-inch-thick dictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典
5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……
too 後跟形容詞或副詞原形, to 後跟動詞原形, 構成不定式. 句子的主語與
動詞不定的主語不一時, 可以在動詞不定式前加邏輯主語for sb.
He is too young to join the army *** 軍隊*** .
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out .
表示否定意義的never \ not 和too … to… 連用時表達肯定一樣.
One is never too old to learn .
too … to… 可以與 enough to 和 so… that … 轉換.
與enough to轉換 時, enough 前的形容詞, 副詞必須是too 後面形容詞,
副詞的反義詞, 並使用其否定句式.
She is too young to do the work .
== she isn’t old enough to do the work .
與 so… that … 轉換時, that 後面的從句要用否定形式.
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. cost 1*** 動詞 , 花費 \ 價值 ***多少錢 ***
How much did it cost ?
I didn’t buy it because it cost too much .
The meal cost us about 100 yuan .
***2 *** 名詞 , 成本, 費用, 價錢. at all costs不惜任何代價; at the cost
of 以 …… 為代價.
Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country .
We must stop it at all costs .
After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the
cost of their lives .
7. pay , spend , cost , take 的區別
pay 花費 *** 多少錢 *** , 主語是人. Sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week .
Spend 花費 *** 多少錢或時間 ***,主語是人. Sb. spend some money on sth.
Sb. spend some time *** in *** doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours *** in *** doing her homework .
cost 花費 *** 多少錢 *** , 主語是物. Sth. cost sb. some money .
This jacket cost him 200 dollars .
take 花費 ***時間 ***,It takes sb. some time to do sth .
花費某人多少時間做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth ?
花費某人多少時間做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework .
It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home .
It will take them 6 months to build the building .
How long does it take him to plant the trees ?
8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
sleep 動詞, 睡覺, 強調動作. I am very tired . I want to sleep .
He slept for 12 hours yesterday .
sleeping , Sleep 的現在分詞, 表示 “ 正在睡覺”
Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping .
They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were .
sleepy 想睡覺的, 睏倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed .
asleep 睡著了的.
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .
Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep .
fall asleep 強調從沒有睡著到睡著的過程, 不能接一段時間
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night .
He listened to music and fell asleep .
be asleep 表示睡著後的狀態 , “ 睡著了”, 可以接一段時間 .
He was asleep for three hours .
9. choose 動詞, “ 選擇,挑選 ” , 過去式chose, 過去分詞chosen
choose to do sth. 選擇做某事
can’t Choose but 只得……
pick and choose 挑挑揀揀
There are many books to choose from .
We choose mike as our leader *** 領導 ***.
Will you help me choose a dictionary ?
Everyone can’t choose but obey *** 服從 *** .
It’s her habit ***習慣 *** to pick and choose while shopping .
10. present ***1*** 禮物, 禮品 == gift Why not give him a card as a present ?
what can I get him for a birthday present ?
*** 2 *** 目前, 現在 I’m sorry he is out at present .
You have to forget the past and start living in the present .
11. open *** 1 *** 動詞, 開啟 , 開業, 開張, 展現
It’s not right to open other people’s letters .
Would you mind opening the window ?
The door opens to the south .
This factory opened in 1998.
*** 2 *** 形容詞, be open 開著的, 開放的
In his dream the flowers are all open .
Most shops are closed but several are still open .
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public .
close 動詞, 關閉, 關上 , 合上
Please close the door to keep the cold out .
closed 形容詞, be closed 關著的, 關閉的
when we got to the shop it was closed .
12 . give away 贈送 , 分發 give away sth to sb
Aunt Wang gave away the candies ***糖果 *** to the kids .
John gave away his notebook to me .
其它短語 give up 放棄 give back 歸還 give off 放出, 發出***氣味***
give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物給某人
13. rather than 而不是 …… 後面跟名詞, 代詞, 從句
The color seems green rather than blue .
If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .
We depend on you rather than on him .
You should help them rather than they should help you .
prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 寧願…… , 也不 ……
She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us .
He preferred to listen to music rather than play games .
Would rather do sth than do sth . 寧願…… , 也不 ……
He would rather play than work .
I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air .
14. instead ***1*** 位於句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”
I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV.
The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way .
*** 2 *** 位於句尾, 表示 “ 作為代替, 而是”
Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .
I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .
instead of 後跟名詞, 代詞, 動名詞, 介詞短語.表示 “ 代替, 而不是”
I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator *** 電梯 *** .
He studies in the evening instead of during the day .
15. enter ***1*** 參加 == take part in \ join
More than one thousand sportsmen entered \ took part in the games .
My brother hopes to enter \ join the army next year .
*** 2 *** 進入 ==come into \ go into
She entered\ came into the room with these words .
Did you see someone enter \ go into the house ?
16. encourage 動詞, 鼓勵, 激勵 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .
Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English .
17. progress 名詞, “ 進步, 進展” make progress “取得進步, 取得進展”
My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons .
Tom is now making much \ great progress at school .
They made no progress in the heavy snow .
18. suggest 動詞, 建議, 提議. 後跟名詞, 代詞, 動名詞和從句
she suggested a way out of the difficulty .
he suggested going home .
who suggested you staying here ?
I suggested we *** should *** hold a meeting .
19. take an interest in *** doing *** sth. 對 *** 做 ***某事感興趣
否定表達是 take no interest in *** doing *** sth. 對 *** 做 ***某事不感興趣
Do you take an interest in English ?
Most children take an interest in playing computer games .
He takes no interest in playing basketball .
be \ become interested in *** doing *** sth對 *** 做 ***某事感興趣
I’m deeply interested in swimming .
She became interested in singing when she was only 7 years old .