英語語法考點短語動詞

  英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體,其用法有的相當於及物動詞,有的相當於不及物動詞,有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特徵。接下來,小編給大家準備了,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

  

  英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種:

  1 動詞+介詞

  常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of from, add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後。如:

  Don't laugh at others.

  I didn't care about it.

  2 動詞+副詞

  常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in.

  3 動詞+副詞+介詞

  常見的有look down upon1, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:

  All his money added2 up to no more than $100.

  After a short rest, he went on with his research3 work.

  4 動詞+名詞+介詞

  常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting4. We should make full use of our time.

  5 動詞+形容詞

  常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:

  The prisoners5 were set free.

  He cut it open.

  6 動詞+名詞

  常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:

  This story took place three years ago.

  I make friends with a lot of people.

  7辨析

  give away讓給,暴露 和 give up放棄,停止

  put away放起,收起 和 put out 撲滅

  turn up出席,放大 和 turn on 開啟

  keep out阻止 和 keep off 不讓靠近

  make up編造,補上 和 make out辨認

  take off脫,起飛 和 take out拿出

  II. 例題

  例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

  A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

  解析:該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續";give away意為"分發";lay up"貯藏"。

  例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.

  A touch B relation C connection D friendship

  解析:該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞,意為"保持聯絡"。

  例3 ____! There's a train coming.

  A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

  解析:該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。

  擴充套件:連詞

  1、 連詞的種類

  1 並列連詞用來連線並列關係的詞、短語或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either1…or, neither2…nor等。

  2 從屬連詞用來引導從句,如that, if, whether4, when, after, as5 soon as等。

  除了從屬連詞引導狀語從句外,還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連線代詞和連線副詞引導名詞性從句,關係代詞和關係副詞引導定語從句。

  2、 常用連詞舉例

  1 and 和,並且

  They drank and sang6 all night.

  2 both…and 和, 既…也…

  Both my parents and I went there.

  3 but 但是,而

  I'm sad, but he is happy.

  4 either…or 或…或…, 要麼…要麼…

  Either you're wrong, or I am.

  5 for因為

  I asked him to stay, for I had7 something to tell him.

  6 however8 然而,可是

  Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later9, however, he decided10 to go.

  7 neither…nor3 既不…也不

  Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees11 with you.

  8 not only…butalso 不但…而且…

  He not only sings well, but also dances well.

  9 or 或者,否則

  Hurry up, or you'll be late.

  Are you a worker or a doctor?

  10 so 因此,所以

  It's getting late, so I must go.

  11 although12 雖然

  Although it was13 late, they went on working.

  12 as soon as 一 …就

  I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

  13 because 因為

  He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

  14 unless14 除非,如果不

  I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

  15 until15 直到…

  He didn't leave until eleven. 瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構

  He stayed there until eleven.

  16 while16 當…時候,而 表示對比

  While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. while後不可用瞬間動詞

  My pen is red while his is blue.

  17 for 因為

  He was ill, for he didn't come. 結論是推斷出來的

  18 since17自從…

  I have lived here since my uncle left.

  19 hardly18… when 一… 就

  I had hardly got19 to the station when the train left.

  20 as far as 就… 來說

  As far as I know, that country is very small.

  You may walk as far as the lake. 一直走到湖那裡

  II. 例題

  例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

  A as well B as well as C so well D so well as

  解析:該題意為:John踢足球如果不比David好的話,那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。

  例2 She thought20 I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact21, I was talking about my daughter.

  A when B where C which D while

  解析:該處意為"然而",只有while有此意思,故選D。

  例3 Would22 you like a cup of coffee ____ shall23 we get down to business24 right away?

  A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise25

  解析:該處意為"或者",正確答案為C。