大學英語四級閱讀理解基礎練習題

　　大學英語四級老是考不好，怎麼辦!!為了讓大家在大學能輕鬆過英語四級，下面是小編為您收集整理的，供大家練習!

　　

　　Passage sixDropouts for Ph. D. s

　　Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

　　The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

　　Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’

　　“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”

　　1.　Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

　　2.　Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.

　　3.　Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.

　　Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.

　　As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

　　As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

　　1.　The author states that many educators feel that

　　[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.

　　[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.

　　[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.

　　[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.

　　2.　Research has shown that

　　[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.

　　[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.

　　[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.

　　[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.

　　3.　Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.

　　[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.

　　[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.

　　[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.

　　[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.

　　4.　After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that

　　[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.

　　[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.

　　[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.

　　[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.

　　5.　It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

　　[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.

　　[B] academic requirement too high.

　　[C] salary for dropouts too high.

　　[D] 1000 positions.

　　Vocabulary

　　1.　dropout　　　　輟學者，中途退學

　　2.　well-rounded　　　全面的

　　3.　attrition　　　　縮/減員，磨損

　　4.　drain　　　　　枯竭

　　5.　bracket　　　　一類人，尤指按收入分類的階層

　　6.　lagging behind other fields　　落後於其它領域

　　7.　glum　　　　　陰鬱的

　　難句譯註

　　1.　Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s.

　　【參考譯文】教育工作者嚴重關注博士生輟學的高比率;這對迫切需要博士生的國家是一個人才方面的嚴重損失。

　　2.　It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

　　【結構分析】sent過去分詞，修飾questionnaires。Who定語從句修飾students。

　　【參考譯文】這份全面調查報告是以22000份調查表分送給以前在24所大學就讀的博士生為基礎的。這份全面調查報告似乎說明過去許多擔心害怕是沒有根據的。

　　3.　Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.

　　【結構分析】被動句。To capacity滿額，全力。

　　【參考譯文】博士水平的人員的縮減被認為是寶貴的教授時間的浪費和已經被使用到極限的大學資源的枯竭。

　　4.　This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

　　【結構分析】the fact的同位語that從句中的where是定語從句，修飾academic fields。

　　【參考譯文】這也可能表明這樣一個事實：在博士能掙到高工資的學術領域中，高工資仍然落後於其它領域。

　　寫作方法與文章大意

　　這是一篇論及“博士生輟學”的文章。採用對比和因果手法。文章一開始就提出教育工作者嚴重關注博士生輟學達50%的問題。而調查報告證明，只有31%。輟學造成不良後果，有人建議中途退學者回爐再念博士學位學業。研究表明不行。列出理由並加以分析。

　　答案詳解

　　1.　A. 許多教育工作者感到應採取步驟讓輟學者回校學習，特別是有些學科。這在第三段後一句話：“有些人建議高階專家和大學教師短缺現象可以通過勸說輟學者返回校園完成博士學位來減少。”

　　B. 輟學者應回到稍第幾的學校去完成學業。 C. 有博士學位的人一般比輟學者具有較好的適應性。 D. 高輟學率主要原因在於教師方面缺乏刺激鼓勵。這三項文內沒有提。

　　2.　D.約三分之一開始就讀博士學位的人沒有完成學業取得學位。第二段第一句：“輟學率為31%。大多數情況下，輟學人不能完成博士學位學業，就去從事生產性工作”。

　　A. 輟學者的經濟收入比博士生低許多。這是錯的。見倒數第二段：“作為輟學者幹得真不錯的證明，統計圖表說明2%人文學科的輟學者年收入為20000多沒勁，沒有一個同樣背景的博士生達到這個數字。7000至15000美元年收入水平為博士生的78%，輟學者僅為50%。” B. 在博士學習中刺激因素較小。 C. 博士預備生如果中途退學很可能改變其專業領域。

　　3.　C. 博士生應達到外語要求的水平是許多博士生課程的一個基本組成部分。這在第四段有所表示：“約75%的退學者說，他們決定退學並不是處於學術的原因，而處於學術原因的退學者提出：難以通過資格考試，難以完成研究，通不過外語考試”。這裡看出外語是博士生課程的基本組成部分。

　　A. 它是退學頻繁的原因。 B. 它對理科博士生比文科博士應考生更難。 D. 它在大學中的難度並沒有不同。

　　4.　A. 讀完這篇文章，人們不會有這種結論。這在第三段末和後一段。第三段末：“我們研究的結果並不支援這些一件包括返回校園之意見：⑴缺乏動力是退學的主要原因。⑵大多數退學者在博士課程上已經達到和他們的能力水平和專業水平相一致的水平。⑶大多數退學者現在從事的工作和他們所受教育和動機相一致。”後一段：“至於返回校園的可能性，前景不樂觀。至少有25%的退學生可能考慮返回研究生院就讀，條件是確保他們保留現有的收入水平，有些還要保留他們目前的工作。”

　　B. 博士生退學者，大體而論，並不具備得到學位所需要的一切。 C. 學院和大學僱傭了許多退學生。 D. 博士生在非學術崗位上沒有掙到他們應得的錢。B.、C.兩項文內沒提。D.不對，參見難句譯註4。

　　5.　A. 博士生的工資太低。見第四題A.的譯註和難句譯註4。

　　B. 學術要求太高。這只是某些因學術原因輟學者之強調點。 C. 輟學者工資太高。不是太高而是有一部分高於博士生。見第二題D項註釋。 D. 職位低。文內沒有提。

　　考研英語政治闖關技巧

　　江湖上，每每俠客想要救人或是尋求某物都會有這樣那樣的闖關之說，想想我們考研的一干人等在通關考研這個環節也與江湖規則有相似之處。俠客必會使出所學絕活勇闖關門，當然考研人也一樣需要掌握必備的闖關術。我作為通關成功之士就在這裡獻上我的三大“闖關術”，以期對後來志士有所幫助吧!

　　闖關術之英語：重視真題，早下手多努力

　　首先，一定要重視真題，特別是其中的閱讀部分，至少要做五遍以上，對於其中的經典文章，比較好要能背誦。具體言之，第一遍主要是自測可保留近幾年的真題，可在單詞背完一到二遍後進行，先做題閱讀部分，一定要在規定時間內完成，然後對答案。注意在第一遍做題的時候比較好把答案寫在草稿紙上，而不要直接寫在試題上。對完答案後，自己想對也做對的可不用去管，自己想錯但做對的在題目前標註“?”，自己做錯的在題目前標註“X”,這樣，之後再看的時候就重點看自己當初做錯的和稀裡糊塗做對的題目。對完答案後，一定要仔細比照試題解析從“單詞、長難句、篇章結構、試題”四個方面仔細研究試題。另外應把真題中好的句子和句式摘錄下來以備以後作文使用。第三遍看的時候可結合一些有關命題規律的書從“題型”的角度去把握試題，爭取會做一道題就會做一種型別的題。

　　其次，英語要天天看。英語的學習是一個日積月累的過程，只有天天不間斷的看英語才能確保英語水平的穩步提高，因此每天都要拿出一段時間來看英語，比較好是養成早讀的習慣，可讀單詞，看讀真題。特別應指出的是，後一個月間，每兩天或一天都要做一套題閱讀部分，比較好是尚未做過的歷年真題，以防止手生，保持題感。總之，只有 天天學英語，才能保持語感，終保持題感。

　　後，關於單詞：不間斷，反覆看，尤其注意單詞的常考含義和生僻含義，通過真題記憶單詞。關於語法：不必專門複習，遇到不清楚的，隨時查閱，廣泛閱讀足以彌補在這方面的不足。關於新題型：萬變不離其宗，後一段時間練習一下即可。關於完型、翻譯：一般重視即可，包含於閱讀之中，在於平時積累，短時間內難以提高。關於閱讀：單詞是基礎，方法是關鍵;精做歷年真題以研究答題方法和出題思路。關於作文：注意從歷年真題閱讀中挖掘寫作資源，記模板，記句型，反覆用，經常寫後一個月爭取兩天一篇。總之，對於英語，要早下手，多努力，只有堅持不懈，方能水滴石穿。去看看 考研英語學習妙招

　　闖關術之政治：重視基礎，理解基礎多記憶

　　首先，一定要重視基礎，把一些基本的概念都要搞懂弄透，因為試題考查的都是一些很基礎的東西。其次，一定要好好的利用歷年真題。我政治複習開始的較晚，看的時間也較少，因此能考到85分著實出乎我的意料，現在想來，之所以能考這麼多分實則是沾了真題的光。後一段時間，我每天都會拿出一個小時來研究政治真題特別是主觀題的答題思路，後我發現政治主觀題的答題祕訣有二：一是答主觀題時一定要先解釋題目中的概念。例如，“從精神文明的角度，談談依法治國與和諧社會的關係”，那麼首先就要對“精神文明”“依法治國”“和諧社會”這三個概念進行解釋，這樣就先得了一半以上的分數。二是要多答要點，少展開論述，因為判卷是踩點給分。