高考英語改錯題解題技巧
高考英語改錯題是全面檢驗考生英語綜合能力的試題,也是考試難點。以下是小編為您整理的,僅供參考!
短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則
1. 句中各部分的結構是否完整,特別是每個句子要有動詞;
2. 謂語動詞的時態、語態;
3. 非謂語動詞的用法;
4. 名詞的單、複數,格的使用是否正確;
5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6. 代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7. 定語從句中關係代詞、關係副詞是否準確無誤;
8. 並列句中的並列連詞、主從複合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。
短文改錯解題四原則
改動以最少為原則;虛詞以新增或刪除為原則;實詞以改變詞形為原則;以保持句子原意為原則。
解題注意要點和能力培養
1. 核對錯項時,若的確有一時難以改出的地方,可以參考所改動項是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一詞1個,缺詞1個,錯詞8個。
2. 核對改正的語法專案是否有重複。因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣,一般不會出現重複考查某個語法點的現象。
3. 核對答題符號是否規範,位置是否準確,看看有無遺漏符號、忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
高考英語改錯題常見型別
1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點,常見動詞錯誤型別有①一般現在時與一般過去時錯用;②and前後動詞時態不一致;③主謂不一致;④缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;⑤第三人稱單數形式錯用;⑥主動語態和被動語態錯用。
They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. ***did改為do,錯誤型別屬於①***
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. ***visiting改為visited,錯誤型別屬於②***
One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. ***was改為were,錯誤型別屬於③***
There will an important game next month. ***will後加be,錯誤型別屬於④***
2. 名詞的常見錯誤:單複數名詞錯用,可數名詞與不可數名詞錯用。
I’ll get good marks in all my subject. ***subject改為subjects***
Their word were a great encouragement to me. ***word改為words***
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. ***knowledges改為knowledge***
3. 冠詞錯誤:誤用a和an***根據單詞的第一個音素來判定***;誤用a/an和the***固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞***
We maybe one family and live under a same roof. ***a改為the,the same是固定搭配***
As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. ***mountain是可數名詞需用冠詞,所以其前加a***
I hope you have pleasant journey. ***journey是可數名詞,故have後加a***
4. 形容詞和副詞錯誤:系動詞***am/is/are/was/were/become/go***和感官性動詞***smell/feel***後用形容詞;詞性的誤用***形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞和形容詞***。
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. ***time是名詞,要用形容詞wonderful修飾***
My pronunciation was terribly. ***was後用形容詞,terribly改為terrible***
5. 代詞錯誤:代詞的主格和賓格***I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them***錯誤;反身代詞***myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves***使用錯誤;代詞的單數和複數使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. ***me改為myself***
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. ***to前加it***
If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. ***other後加-s***
What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. ***him改為them***
6. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤:不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and連線的不定式或動名詞前後不一致;介詞後用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞後要求接動名詞或不定式。
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. ***enjoy後需接動名詞,talk改為talking***
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. ***go作主語,應改為going***
Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. ***介詞後用動名詞形式作賓語,read改為reading***
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. ***and連線的動名詞前後不一致,故saw改為seeing***
7. 介詞錯誤:片語中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用。
There are too many people among my family. ***among改為in,in my family為固定搭配***
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. ***去掉at,the moment引導從句***.
高考英語改錯題解題步驟
一、先通讀全文。認真閱讀短文,在做題之前確保已經弄清原文大意。根據短文大意和上下文邏輯關係,對文章進行逐字逐句的分析,檢查句子的結構是否完整,語氣是否連貫等等。
二、綜合運用所學語言知識,根據各行不同的錯誤情況分別進行答題***即改詞、加詞或減詞***。在短文改錯中常出現的錯誤主要有以下幾類:
1. 名詞單複數用錯,可數與不可數名詞的混用。大多數短文改錯都會有此類的錯誤。
如:they take him lots of good book and fresh fruit.***2009.陝西卷*** 此處book改為books. book前用lots of修飾,應用複數。
2. 動詞:時態和語態,常出現在總體時態為過去或現在時,中間雜有不適的另一時態的現象;或是及物動詞後無賓語,或是不及物動詞後加了賓語;需要接ing形式的接了to,或相反等。
如:The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school were gone.***2009全國卷I***把were改為are。根據上文可知飯店和魚店消失都陳述的是現在的情況。
3. 形容詞副詞:常出現需形容詞的地方用了副詞或相反;關係副詞where, when, why等的缺失或錯用。
如:He has a comfortable room, patiently nurses, and a great deal of time to read. ***2009.陝西卷***此處patiently改為 patient.修飾名詞nurses,用形容詞。
4. 介詞:主要是介詞的多餘或缺失,錯用。這一部分需要平時多多積累,弄清常用介詞的搭配。
5. 主謂一致性:第三人稱單數漏掉s,或主語為複數,謂語動詞用了單數;再就是就近原則對主語的影響。
6. 冠詞:定冠詞the的多餘或缺失,如季節,月份,星期,球類及三餐活動,稱呼頭銜前等不能加the的地方加了the,或是same等常和the一起使用的詞卻漏稅掉了the;a, an的混用,特別注意:hour, honest等雖然首字母不是母音字母,但其發音卻是以母音素開頭,故用an,而useful, university, European, one—hour等雖然首字母是母音字母,但卻以子音音素開頭,故用a。
如1:and sports center has been built in their place. ***2009全國卷I***在此sports前應加a。 sports center是可數名詞單數,表示不確定。
如1:The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through. ***2009浙江卷***在此a改為an;由umbrella的發音可知以母音因素開頭,應用an。
7. 數詞:主要是序數詞與基數詞的混用和錯用,如分數的分子大於一時分母沒有用複數等,基數詞的複數形式如幾百hundreds of,幾千thousands of漏掉了s,或是當其前有具體數字或several時加了複數,如seven hundred,寫作seven hundreds。
8. 連詞:不合句中的邏輯關係。如需轉折連詞***如but***的時候用了承接連詞***so***,或相反等等。
例1: This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to somebody else.***2009.浙江卷***在此and改為but,前後構成轉折,用but。
9. 代詞:主要是代詞的格與數的錯用。如男性用了女性代詞,單數用了複數代詞或相反;應當用形容詞性的物主代詞用了賓格,主格或相反,關係代詞的錯用或缺失。如只能用that引導的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方卻用了that,或是在“介詞+關係代詞”結構中漏掉了介詞等。
例1:The factory …… has been moved out of the city, and a sports center has been built in their place. ***2009全國卷I*** 此處their 改為 its。 因為前文中提到了名詞The factory是單數,因此把their改為its。
例2:one day I saw a second—hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan.***2009遼寧卷***把that改為which,非限制性定語從句的先行詞指物時只能用which不能用that。
10. 常用固定短語或固定用法及句型用錯。
例:It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.***2009浙江卷***在possible後加to。由 It is/was possible***或其他形容詞***+ to do sth.固定句型決定。
三、驗證答案。改完後,要回過頭來重讀一遍全文,檢視改過後是否能使語氣通順,時態一致,合乎邏輯。再次通讀可以在初改時感覺不順的地方集中精力,仔細推敲,使答案更加準確。因為有時就一個句子來看可能在兩個地方修改都說地過去,但在上下文中可能只能在一處修改才正確。