英語六級巔峰閱讀帶答案詳解
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The Health Benefits of Drinking Water-ls Bottled Drinking Water Healthier Than FilteredTap Water?
Water is a key ingredientin a healthy diet and lifestyle.There are many health benefits of drinkingwater.It helps flush impurities and toxins out of our systems.It aids in the delivery of oxygenand nutrients.Infact,nearly every system in our bodies relies on water for proper functioning.Butwhat will happen if the water you drink every day is unhealthy?
In past decades,concerns about tap water and its impact on overall health led some people toturn to bottled drinking water instead.However,in those days,there were few choices of bottledwaters.You could pay to have a company deliver large bulky plastic bottles of water for thewater cooler.Or you could purchase gallon jugs of distilled or “drinking water”at the grocerystore.
In recent years,there has been an explosion in the number of different bottled watersavailable,with big distributors such as Coke and Pepsi jumping on the bandwagon.But arebottled drinking waters like Coke's Dasani brand,Pepsi's Aquafina,or Wal-Mart's store brandreally any healthier than your tap water? Or would you be better off with a drinking waterfiltration system?
As we have learned more about the water we drink.the technology behind drinking water filtersand purification systems has improved dramatically.There are filters to removeimpurities,chemicals,heavy metals,bacteria and most every contaminant you can think of.Withthe right size and filter combination for your specific home.your tap water can beexceptionally pure and healthy.
Cost Comparison
Drinking water filtration systems have also become more affordable and easy to use.Althoughthe initial cost of a whole house system usually amounts to several hundred dollars,that cost isoften less than $100 each year if spread out over the life of the system.
There may be additional expenses to replace carbon filters,membranes in reverse osmosisdrinking water filtration system,or lamps in an ultraviolet light water treatment device.Theseexpenses can add another $1000r so to the annual costs of operating drinking water filters andpurification systems.
While some people may hesitate to spend so much each year for clean,safe drinking water,theyare probably paying more for bottled drinking water.Calculations show that at a price of $l to $4per gallon,bottled ordelivered water costs an average of $400 each year,especially if youpurchase individual bottles.And that doesn't take into consideration the gas needed to driveto the store or the environmental impact of all the empty plastic bottles.
Health Aspects
Many people who choose bottled drinking water understand that it is more expensive, buethey are still willing to pay the extra money because bottled water is thought to be safer andhealthier than filtered drinking water. After all,bottled water is often marketed as "natural springwater" or "pure glacier water."
In reality, few bottled waters come from natural springs, and most of them use municipal tapwater. The companies are able to get away with this false marketing because the regulatiansand standards for bottled drinking water are less stringent than those for residential drinkingsources.
The quality of bottled water is regulated by the Food and Drug Administrarion ***FDA***, whiledrinking water systems are typically regulated by State regulations or the EnvironmentalProtection Agency ***EPA***. This doesn't mean that the FDA isn't doing their job.It's just that therules for bottled water only require it to be as good as tap water, not better.
In addition, the FDA regulations only apply to bottled drinking water that is transported acrossstate lines. If a company sells their bottled drinking water in the same state where it wasbottled, the federal regulations don't apply. The result is that many bottled waters are not anyhealthier than filtered water. and in fact some are less pure.
This was demonstrated in a study which was conducted in 1999 by the Natural ResourcesDefense Council. They tested over 100 brands of bottled drinking water and found that aboutone third of the waters comtained contamination in the form of chemicals. bacteria, andarsenic. The study also,found that up to forty percent of bottled drinking waters come from acity water system.
How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy
So how do you tell if the water you are drinking is healthy? With tap water, it is relativety easy.If your water comes from a municipal source. the suppliers are required by law to provideannual water quality reports. If you have a well, you can have an authorized lab test yourwater. It may cost $lOO or more, but it's a small price to pay for peace of mind. Or you canpurchase a kit and test it yourself, but naturallythe results may not be as conclusive orreliable as those produced by authorized labs.
When it comes to bottled drinking water. it can be more difficult to know what you are getting.Start by checking the label or the bottle cap. Some may tell you that the water comes from amunicipal source or "community water system." which means tap water.
If the label doesn't give any information, you can call the bottler and ask.But don't be surprisedif you get the run around and are transferred to several different departments. Some stateshave a bottled water program that tracks bottled drinking water and can tell you the origin ofthe source water as well as other information.
Safe and healthy drinking water has become big business. Thousands of companies are vyingfor your hard earned cash, and some are not always honest about what their products offer.The initial investment for a home drinking water filtration system can seem expensive at first,but over time, it is usually less expensive than bottled drinking water. And with a wafer filter.you at least know where the water you drink camefrom and how it was treated.
Before going out and spending your hard earned money for bottled drinking water that may beno better thanyour own tap water, it is obviously a good idea to do some research. You arelikely to decide that a drinking water filtration system and/or purifier is the healthier choice andprovides the best value as well.
飲用水的保健作用——瓶裝水比過濾的自來水更加有益於健康嗎?
水是健康的飲食與生活中一個重要的成份。飲用水有許多的保健功能。它有助於沖洗我們體內的雜物和毒素。還有助於輸送氧氣和營養素。實際上，我們身體的幾乎每個系統都依靠水的作用。但如果你每天喝的水是對健康有害的，那將會怎麼樣?
[1]在過去幾十年裡，人們對於自來水及其對總體健康的影響的關注導致某些人轉向飲用瓶裝水。但是，當時瓶裝水的種類很少。你可以花錢讓某家公司送來用於水冷卻器的大塑料瓶裝水。或者你可以在雜貨店購買加侖裝的蒸餾水或“飲用水”。
近年來，市面上瓶裝水種類迅速增加，像可口可樂和百事可樂這樣的大經銷商獲得了巨大的成功。但是，像可口可樂Dasani品牌、百事可樂Aquafina品牌、或沃爾瑪超市品牌的各種瓶裝飲用水真的要比自來水更有益健康嗎?在家裡使用飲用水過濾器是否會更好呢?
隨著我們更多地瞭解我們所飲用的水，飲用水過濾器和淨化系統的技術得到了巨大改進。過濾器能除去雜質、化學品、重金屬、細菌，以及幾乎所有你能想到的各種汙染物。[2]假如你的家裡配上大小合適的過濾器組合，你家裡的自來水會變得格外純淨並且有益於健康。
成本比較
而且，飲用水過濾系統已經變得更加便宜而容易操作。[3]雖然整個家用系統的最初成本通常要花幾百美元，但是把費用分攤到系統的整個使用期限.每年的費用一般不到100美元。
也許更換飲用水過濾系統的活性炭過濾器、反滲透膜、或水處理裝置的紫外線燈需要增加額外的費用。[3]這些費用可能會使飲用水過濾器和淨化系統的年成本增加100美元左右。
雖然有人可能不願意每年花這麼多錢使用清潔、安會的飲用水，但他們卻可能買更貴的瓶裝飲用水。測算表明，以每加侖1至4美元的價格計算，瓶裝水或公司送來的水年平均費用為400美元，如果你購買的是特殊的瓶裝水的話尤其如此。[4]這還不算開車到商店的汽油費和所有空塑膠瓶對環境的影響。
健康方面
許多選擇瓶裝飲用水的人都知道，瓶裝飲用水更加昂貴，但是他們還是願意支付這筆額外的費用，因為人們認為瓶裝水要比過濾飲用水更加安全和更加有益於健康。畢竟，瓶裝水經常被冠以“天然泉水”或”純淨的冰川水”之名進行銷售。
[5]事實上，沒有多少瓶裝水來自天然泉水，大多是來自當地的自來水。這些公司能夠逃脫虛假銷售的罪名，主要是因為瓶裝飲用水的法規和標準沒有居民飲用水源的法規和標準那麼嚴格。
[6]瓶裝水的質量屬食品和藥物管理局***FDA***的管轄範圍，而飲用水系統通常由國家條例規定，或者由環境保護局***環保局***管理。這並不是說，食品和藥物管理局沒有履行自己的職責。只不過瓶裝水的各項規則只要求它們同自來水一樣好，而不是更好。
此外，食品和藥物管理局的法規僅僅是針對跨州運輸的瓶裝飲用水。如果某公司的瓶裝飲用水生產和銷售都在同一個州，則不屬於聯邦政府的法規管理範圍之內。其結果是，許多瓶裝水並不比過濾水更有益於健康，事實上，有些反倒沒有過濾水那麼純淨。
[7]這在1999年自然資源保護委員會進行的一項研究中得到了證明。他們測試了1OO多個牌子的瓶裝飲用水，發現約有1/3的水含化學物質、細菌、砷一類的汙染物。研究還發現，高達40%的瓶裝飲用水來自城市供水系統。
如何判斷所喝的水是否有益於健康?
那麼，你如何判斷你飲用的水是否有益於健康呢?[8]就自來水而言，這相當容易。如果你用的水是來自奉市自來水廠，法律要求供應商每年提供水質報告。如果你家有一口井，你可以請一家權威試驗室測試你家的井水。也許費用在100美元或更多，但連筆小小的費用買到了心境安寧。或者你也可以購買一套測試工具自己進行測試。但結果自然不會像權威試驗室的試驗結果那麼確定可靠。
至於瓶裝飲用水，可能更難知道自己會得出什麼樣的結果。首先檢查標籤或瓶蓋。[9]有些上面會說明，水來自市自來水系統或者“社群供水系統”，也就是自來水。
如果標籤沒有給出任何資訊，你可以打電話到瓶裝飲用水企業諮詢。但如果你輾轉於各個部門之間也得不到站果，那也不要覺得奇怪。[lO]有些州有追蹤瓶裝飲用水的計劃。你可以從中瞭解你所買瓶裝飲用水的來源以及其他的資訊。
安全和健康的飲用水已經成為巨大的商業。數以萬計的公司都在覬覦你的血汗錢，一些公司對於自己的產品所能提供的東西並不總是誠實。一套零庭飲用水過濾系統最初的投資成本可能看起來會昂貴一些，但是隨著時間的推移，它往往比瓶裝飲用水要便宜一些。況且，如果使用濾水器的話，你至少知道喝的水採自何處，是怎麼被處理的。
在你準備出去花費你來之不易的錢購買不比自來水好多少的瓶裝飲用水之前，做一些調查研究顯然是一個好主意。你很可能會決定，一套飲用水過濾系統和/或者淨化器是使你更加健康的選擇，並且也是你省錢的最佳方案。
1.In past decades, bottled drinking water was____________________.
A*** more popular than tap water
B*** believed to be too expensive
C*** inconveniently provided
D*** restricted to few choices
2.Now, tap water can also become exceptionally pure and healthyif_________________.
A*** more fund is provided for protecting water resources
B*** a right filtration system is installed in your home
C*** measures are taken to guide the water suppliers
D*** our environment can be free from pollution
3.Operating drinking water filters and purification systems costs______________every year.
A*** several hundred dollars
B*** less than a hundred dollar
C*** about two hundred dollars
D*** about a hundred dollar
4.One of the disadvantages of bottled water is that the plastic bottleswould___________________.
A*** have to be delivered back to the suppliers
B*** bring about impact on the environment
C*** not be as safe as glass bottles
D*** increase the production cost
5.Generally, the companies that use municipal tap water as bottledwater___________.
A*** sell their water at a lower price
B*** purify the water before bottling
C*** are severely punished by law
D*** can escape punishment by law
6.The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for supervising the qualityof____________.
A*** drinking water
B*** bottled water
C*** municipal tap water
D*** underground water
7.In a study by____________, many bottled drinking water was found not to be ashealthy as expected.
A*** the Food and Drug Administration
B*** the Environmental Protection Agency
C*** the Natural Resources Defense Council
D*** the National Association for Health Freedom
8.It is required that the quality of tap water by a municipal source be provided by itssupplier in________________.
9.When the bottled water is claimed to come from a"community water system," it isactually_____________________.
10.If you need to know any information about the bottled water, you can either askthe bottler for it or get it from the state's__________________.
1.[D][定位]根據題幹中的past decades和bottled drinking water查詢到第2段。
解析：選項D是對原文該段第2句中的few choices的近義改寫，故為本題答案。該段最後一句提到了獲取瓶裝水的途徑，這些途徑都很方便，因此，選項C不正確。其餘兩個選項均無原文依據。
2.[B][定位]根據題幹中的tap water，pure，healthy等查詢到第4段最後一句。
解析：原文該句中的filter combination與選項B中的filtration system所指相同，可見，選項B為本題答案。
3.[C][定位]根據題幹中的cost，every year等查詢到第1個小標題Cost Com parison部分的開頭兩段。
解析：原文該部分首段和第2段分別列舉了使用飲用水過濾和淨化系統的花費，其首段末句提到的lessthan $100 each year和第2段末句提到的another $100 0r so相加，就是一年的總花費，由此可見，一年的總費用為大概$200，可見，本題應選C。
4.[B][定位]根據題幹中的disadvantages，bottled water，plastic bottles等查詢到第1個小標題CostComparison部分的末段末句。
解析：原文該段指出了瓶裝水的缺點，最後一句的environmental impact與選項B中的impact on theenvironment同義，因此本題答案為選項B。
5.[D][定位]根據題幹中的companies，municipal tap water等查詢到第2個小標題Health Aspects部分的第2段。
解析：原文該段第2句中的get away with...表明虛假銷售的公司都不會受到懲罰，選項D中的escapepunishment與get away基本同義，故選項D為本題答案。
6.[A][定位]根據題幹中的Environmental Protection Agency查詢到第2個小標題Health Aspects部分的第3段首句。
解析：原文該句提到了FDA和EPA兩個機構，以及它們各自的職能，後者負責管理drinking watersystems，也就是說，EPA監控drinking water的質量，因此本題答案為選項A。
7.[C][定位]根據題幹中的study查詢到第2個標題Health Aspects部分的最後一段第1句。
解析：原文雖有提及選項A、B和C的三個機構名稱，但只有選項C的機構與study有關，原文沒有提及其他兩個機構有參與任何的研究，因此，選項C為本題答案。
8.[the annual water quality reports]
[定位]根據題幹中的quality,tap water, municipal source查詢到第3個小標題How to Tell If Your WaterIs Healthy郜分的首段第2、3句。
解析：空白處應為名詞成分。原文這兩句都是針對tap water的內容，題目是對這兩句話的近義改寫，只要對比兩句，就可發現題目缺了的部分為the annual water quality reports。
9.[tap water]
[定位]根據題幹中的“community water system”雀找到第3個小標題How to Tell If Your Water IsHealthy部分的第2段末句。
解析：空白處應為名詞成分或形容詞成分。原文該句末的非限制性定語從句是對之前資訊的補充說明，表明這些瓶裝水的真正性質，因此定語從句中的tap water為本題答案。
10.[bottled water program]
[定位]根據題幹中的information，bottler和state's等詞查詢到第3個小標題How to Tell If Your Water IsHealthy部分的第3段末句。
解析：空白處應為名詞成分。原文該段提供了獲得瓶裝水資訊的兩個途徑，題目提到了前一個，後一個可從該段末句找到，根據state's這個提示，可以確定答案為bottled water program。