機械專業英語文章

　　在機械領域裡,機械專業英語的特點是專業性強、範圍廣,重視邏輯性和條理性,因此,翻譯機械專業英語工作對翻譯者的翻譯技能的要求也越來越高。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

　　Drilling and Drills

　　鑽削和鑽頭

　　Drilling involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool, which rotates around its axis, against the workpiece.

　　鑽削就是通過迫使繞自身軸線旋轉的切削刀具進入工件而在其上生成通孔或盲孔。

　　Consequently, the range of cutting from that axis of rotation is equal to the radius of the required hole. In practice, two symmetrical cutting edges that rotate about the same axis are employed.

　　因此從旋轉軸線開始的切削範圍等於所需孔的半徑。實際上使用的是兩條圍繞相同軸線旋轉的對稱切削刃。

　　Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling machines. The latter differ in size and construction. Nevertheless, the tool always rotates around its axis while the workpiece is kept firmly fixed. This is contrary to drilling on a lathe.

　　鑽削作業既能採用手鑽也能採用鑽床來實現。鑽床在尺寸和結構上雖有差別?然而始終都是切削刀具圍繞自身軸線旋轉、工件穩固定位的形式。這正好與在車床上鑽孔相反。

　　Twist drill. The twist drill is the most common type of drill. It has two cutting edges and two helical flutes that continue over the length of the drill body, as shown in Fig.12.1. The drill also consists of a neck and a shank that can be either straight or tapered.

　　麻花鑽。麻花鑽是最常用的鑽頭型別。它有兩條切削刃和兩條沿鑽頭體全長連續的螺旋狀出屑槽如圖12.1所示。麻花鑽還包括鑽頸和鑽柄鑽柄可以是直的也可以是錐形的。

　　In the latter case, the shank is fitted by the wedge action into the tapered socket of the spindle and has a tang, which goes into a slot in the spindle socket, thus acting as a solid means for transmitting rotation.

　　錐形鑽柄通過楔入動作安裝在主軸的錐形軸孔中鑽柄上還有柄舌插入主軸軸孔中的插槽從而作為傳遞轉動的可靠方法。

　　On the other hand, straight-shank drills are held in a drill chuck that is, in turn, fitted into the spindle socket in the same way as tapered shank drills.

　　另一方面直柄鑽頭用鑽頭卡盤夾住接下來鑽頭卡盤則象錐形鑽柄鑽頭一樣安裝在主軸軸孔內。

　　As can be seen in Fig.12.1, the two cutting edges are referred to as the lips, and are connected together by a wedge, which is a chisel-like edge. The twist drill also has two margins, which enable proper guidance and locating of the drill while it is in operation.

　　如圖12.1所示兩條切削刃就是鑽脣通過鑿子狀邊緣的楔形體連在一起。麻花鑽還有兩條導向邊用於作業中鑽頭的正確導向和定位。

　　The tool point angle TPA is formed by the two lips and is chosen based on the properties of the material to be cut. The usual TPA for commercial drills is 118°, which is appropriate for drilling low-carbon steels and cast irons.

　　兩條鑽脣形成鑽頂角並根據被鑽削材料的效能來選取其大小。商品化鑽頭的鑽頂角一般為118°這適用於鑽削低碳鋼和鑄鐵。

　　For harder and tougher metals, such as hardened steel, brass and bronze, larger TPAs 130°or 140° give better performance. The helix angle of the flutes of the commonly used twist drills ranges between 24°and 30°. When drilling copper or soft plastics, higher values for the helix angle are recommended between 35°and 45°.

　　對於更硬更韌的金屬諸如淬火鋼、黃銅和青銅更大的鑽頂角130°或140°才能有更好的效果。麻花鑽常用的出屑槽螺旋角範圍為24°到 30°。鑽削紫銅或軟塑料時推薦採用更大的螺旋角35°到45°。

　　Twist drills are usually made of high-speed steel, although carbide-tipped drills are also available. The sizes of twist drills used in industrial practice range from 0.01 up to 3.25 in. 0.25 up to 80 mm.

　　雖然也有硬質合金刀尖的鑽頭麻花鑽一般用高速鋼製成。工業實際中使用的麻花鑽尺寸範圍為0.01到3.25英寸即0.25到80毫米。

　　Core drills. A core drill consists of the chamfer, body, neck, and shank, as shown in Fig.12.2. This type of drill may have either three or four flutes and equal number of margins, which ensure superior guidance, thus resulting in high machining accuracy.

　　空心鑽 空心鑽包括斜面、鑽頭體、鑽頸和鑽柄 如圖12.2所示。這類鑽頭可以有三條或四條出屑槽及相同數量的保證良好導向的導向邊 這樣使得加工有高精度。

　　It can also be seen in Fig.12.2 that a core drill has flat end. The chamfer can have three or four cutting edges or lips, and the lip angle may vary between 90°and 120°.

　　在圖12.2中同樣能看到 空心鑽具有平坦的端部。斜面可以有三或四條切削刃或鑽脣 並且鑽脣角可以在90°到120°之間變化。

　　Core drills are employed for enlarging previously made holes and not for originating holes. This type of drill is characterized by greater productivity, high machining accuracy, and superior quality of the drilled surfaces.

　　空心鑽用於擴大已有的孔而不是打孔。這類鑽頭具有較大生產率、高加工精度和優良鑽削表面質量的特性。

　　Gun drills. Gun drills are used for drilling deep holes. All gun drills are straight-fluted, and each has a single cutting edge. A hole in the body acts as a conduit to transmit coolant under considerable pressure to the tip of the drill.

　　深孔鑽。深孔鑽用於鑽深孔。所有深孔鑽都是直出屑槽的並且均為單切削刃。鑽頭體中有個孔作為導管在相當大的壓力下將冷卻液傳送到鑽頭頂端。

　　There are two kinds of gun drills, namely, the center-cut gun drill used for drilling blind holes and the trepanning drill. The latter has a cylindrical groove at its center, thus generating a solid core, which guides the tool as it proceeds during the drilling operation.

　　深孔鑽有兩種型別?即用於鑽盲孔的中心切削深孔鑽和套孔鑽。後者在其中心有一圓 柱形溝槽?這樣能生成整體芯在鑽孔作業過程中引導鑽頭。