英語重要知識點
英語是世界第一大語言,那麼英語有哪些重要的知識點呢?接下來小編為你整理了,一起來看看吧。
:一般過去時的用法
1在確定的過去時間裡所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would had rather sb. did sth. 表示’寧願某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4 wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:
一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
含義:她已不在人間。
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
含義:她現在還活著
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2情態動詞 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
:祈使句
含有第二人稱主語的祈使句
Be careful!小心!
Don't make such a noise.不要這麼吵。
肯定的祈使句
a.句型: 動詞原形~.省略主語
Stand up.起立。
Be quiet,please.請安靜。
b.有時,為了加強語氣,可以在動詞之前加do
Do sit down.
務必請坐。
Do study hard.
一定要努力學習。
比較
祈使句和陳述句
陳述句:
You sit down.
你坐下來。
祈使句:
Sit down.坐下
省略主語you
c.用客氣的語氣表示祈使句時,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一個逗號“,”。
Go this way,please.
請這邊走。
d.祈使句中如果有喚語,一定要用逗號“,”隔開,放在句首或句尾。
Li Ming,come here.
李明,過來。
Come here,Li Ming.
過來,李明。
否定的祈使句
句型:Don't +動詞原形~
Don't swim in the river.
別在河裡游泳。
Don't be late.別遲到。
Please don't be noisy.
請不要大聲喧譁。
注意
表示禁止時,尤其是標語等也可用“No+動名詞”來表示。
No smoking.
禁止吸菸。
No parking.
禁止停車。
句型轉換
祈使句與陳述句的改寫
1.祈使句=You must …陳述句
Come here .過來。
=You must come here .
你必須過來。
Don't do that again.
你一定不可以再那樣做了。
2.Please +祈使句=Will you please ~?陳述句
Please help me .請幫幫我。
=Will you please help me?
你願意幫我的忙嗎?
Come here on time ,please .請準時到這兒。
=Will you please come here on time ?
請你準時到好嗎?
含有第一、第三人稱主語的祈使句
Let's say good-by here.
我們在此道別吧。
Don't let him do that again.
別讓他再那麼做了。
1.肯定的祈使句
句型:•Let+第一人稱me,us~.
•Let+第三人稱代詞賓格:him,her,it,them或名詞~.
Let's go at once.
咱們馬上動身吧。
Let me try again.
讓我再試試。
Let Tom go there himself.
讓湯姆自己去那兒。
注意
Let's包括對方,Let us不包括對方。反意疑問句時最明顯。
Let's go,shall we?
咱們去吧,怎麼樣?
Let us go,will you?
讓我們去吧,行嗎?
徵求對方的意見
2.否定的祈使句
句型:•Let'sus,me+not +動詞原形~.
•Don't let +第三人稱代詞的賓格或名詞+動詞原形.
Let's not say anything about it.
對於這件事,咱們什麼也不要說。
Don't let them play with fire.
別讓他們玩火。
句型轉換
祈使句有時相當一個if引導的條件狀語從句。
祈使句:Use your head and you'll find a way.
條件句:If you use your head,you'll find a way.
如果你動動腦筋,你就會找到方法。
注意
回答Let's~的反意疑問句句型時,肯定時用Yes,let's.否定時用NO,let's not.
:知識點講解
1. Maybe/ may be
1 maybe是副詞,意思是“大概,也許”,常用作狀語。例如: Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包裡了。“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天來嗎?”“也許不”。
2 may be相當於是情態動詞may與be動詞搭配一起作謂語,意思是“也許是…,可能是…”。
例如:It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他們可能於九點到達。The man may be a lawyer. 那人也許是律師。
2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use
1 borrow表示的是從別人那裡借來東西,即我們通常所說的“借進來”。例如:We often borrow books from our school library.我們經常從學校圖書館借書。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我從老師那兒借來了這本字典。
borrow是一個瞬間完成的動作,因此不能與時間段連用。
例如:You can borrow my recorder for three days. 錯誤 I have borrowed this book for only one week. 錯誤
2 lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人,即我們通常所說的“借出去”。 例如:Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。He often lends money to his brother.他經常借錢給他弟弟。
lend與borrow一樣,也是一個瞬間完成的 動作,不能與一段時間連用。
3 keep的意思也是“借”,但一般是指借來後的儲存或使用階段,是一段持續的時間,因此可以與時間段連用。例如:You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機你可以借用三天。
I have kept this book for only one week.這本書我才剛借了一星期。
4 use也可以當“借用”講,但它的本意是“用,使用”。例如:May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下嗎?He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。
3. leave/ leave for
1 leave意思是“離開,留下”。 例如:We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開了上海。
He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上週把手機落在出租車裡了。
2 leave for意思是“前往”,表示要去的目的地。例如:We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將於下月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開往莫斯科。
4. since/ for
1 since用於完成時態,既能用作介詞,也能用作連詞,後常接時間點,意思是“自從”。 例如:
He has been a worker since he came into this city.自從他來到這個城市,他就是工人了。
I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .自從我們上次在上海見過之後我再也沒見過他。
since作連詞,還有“既然”的意思。例如: Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你對它感興趣,那就做吧。 You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已經做完了功課,就開心玩會兒吧。
2 for用於完成時,用作介詞,後常接一段時間,意思是“經過…”。例如: I have learned English for five years.我已經學了五年英語了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他們已經等了你三十分鐘了。
for也可以用作連詞,但意思是“因為”。 例如: They missed the flight for they were late.他們由於完到了而誤了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由於多種原因病倒了。
5. neither/ either/ both
1 neither作代詞是對兩者都進行否定,意思為“兩者都不”,作主語時謂語動詞用單數.例如:Neither of the boys is from England.這兩個男孩都不是來自英國。I know neither of them. 他們兩個我都不認識。
neither用作形容詞,也修飾單數名詞,意思與作代詞時相同;用作連詞時,一般與nor搭配,表示 “既不…也不”。作主語時,謂語動詞也遵循就近原則。 例如:She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我們星期天都不踢球。
2 either作代詞時,是指兩者中的任意一方,兩者之每一個,故作主語時謂語動詞用單數.
例如:Either of the books is new.這兩本書任何一本都是新的.
She doesn’t like either of the films.這兩部電影她都不喜歡.
either作形容詞, 用來修飾單數名詞,意思與作介詞時相同.
例如:Either school is near my home. 這兩所學校中的任何一所學校都離我家很近.
Either question is difficult.兩個問題中的任何一個都難.
either作連詞時,一般與or搭配,表示兩者選其一,意思是“不是…就是”。作主語時,謂語動詞遵循就近原則。
Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是對的。
Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要來看我。
3 both作代詞時,指的是所涉及到的“兩者都”, 故作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式。
I like both of the stories.這兩個故事我都喜歡。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母兩人都是老師。
both作形容詞時,用來修飾兩者,意思與作代詞時相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的兩隻胳膊都受傷了。
Both these students are good at English. 這兩個學生都擅長英語。
both用作連詞時,多與and搭配,表示“既…又, 不僅…而且”, 作主語時,謂語動詞仍用複數形式。
Both piano and violin are my bobbies.鋼琴和小提琴都是我的愛好。
They study both history and physics. 他們既學歷史,又學物理。
6. find/look for/ find out
1 find強調找的結果,意思是“找到”。此外還有“發現,發覺”的意思,後可接賓語從句。
例如:Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不著帽子了。Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丟失的鑰匙了嗎?
He found the lights were on along the street.他發現沿街的燈都亮了
2 look for的意思為“尋找”,指的是找的動作而非結果。另外,還有“盼望,期待”的意思。
例如:She is looking for her son.她正在找她的兒子。
We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我們從今天一大早就開始找這輛車了。
I look for the coming holiday.我期待著即將來臨的假期。
3 find out含有經過觀察、研究或探索而得知的意思,後常接較抽象的事物,意思是“找出,發現,查明真相”等。
例如: I can find out who took my money away.我能查出誰拿了我的錢。
Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能設法知道飛機何時到嗎?