並列英文短語有哪些
在英語中寫作中,為了使閱卷老師不容易產生疲勞感,我們一般會用並列句,使句子看起來不是太長。下面是小編給大家整理並列英文短語表達,供大家參閱!
並列英文短語表達
1. 按使用目的,句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四類;
2. 句子按其結構可以分為簡單句、並列句、複合句三類。下面就考試中常見的並列句和複合句做簡單介紹。
一併列句
1. 由and、but、or、so、for等並列連詞把兩個簡單句連線起來而成的。例如:
John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 約翰喜歡打籃球,但他昨天沒打。 You should hurry, or you will miss the train. 你該快點了,否則要誤車了。
He must be a good student, for he is always careful with his lessons. 他肯定是個好學生,因為他學習一直很認真仔細。
2. 由並列連詞片語連線成的。常用的有not only … but also … , either … or … , neither … nor … , not … but …, both … and …, 等等。例如:
Not only one but also all of us were invited. 不只是一個,而是我們全體都受到邀請。
Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要麼你來做,要麼我請其他人來做。
Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 湯姆和傑克都沒有完成作業。
Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他們完不成任務,而是任務太重了。 並列句的口訣!
and 表示順承 while表示對比 but/yet表示轉折 for/so表示因果 or/either ...or 表示選擇when和and/then表示時間 and/so/neither/nor表示並列 not only...but also/neither... nor表示遞進
二主從複合句
包含兩個或多個主謂結構,並且,其中一個主謂結構充當主句,另一個或多個主謂結構為從句,充當該主句的主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語,這樣的句子叫做複合句。 按照從句在整個複合句中所起的語法作用,可將複合句分為六類。即主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。在以往的英語應用能力等級考試中,這六種複合句都曾出現過,其中尤其以賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句為多。下面分別予以講解。
1. 主語從句
在整個句子中充當主語成分的從句。可以由從屬連詞that, whether等引導;也可以由連線代詞what, which, who以及由連線副詞how, when, where, why,as等引導。例: A which B what C that D one
2. 同位語從句
從句的作用是做主語、表語或賓語的同位語即,不是對主語、表語或賓語進行修飾和限定,而是說明其內容含義,則叫做同位語從句。由that引導。例:
The mere fact most people believe nuclear war would be madness
does not mean that it will not occur.
A what C that B which D why
可以由同位語從句修飾的名詞還有thought, idea, news, hope, belief, doubt等。
3.表語從句
當主句的謂語是系動詞,而從句位於其後,即在整個句子中充當表語,則該從句叫做表語從句。可以由從屬連詞that, whether等引導;由連線代詞what, which, who等引導;由連線副詞how,when,where,why等引導;以及由because等引導。
Eg: Their argument was how we know a way to test the authorities statement.
他們的論據是我們怎能知道檢驗權威觀點的方法。
4. 賓語從句包括間接引語
在主句中充當賓語成分,即跟在及物動詞後面、不及物動詞加介詞後面,或介詞後面的從句叫做賓語從句。可以由從屬連詞that, whether, if等引導;由連線代詞what, which, who等引導;由連線副詞how, when, where, why等引導。例:
Professor Lee's book will show you how what you have observed can be used in other contexts. 李教授的書將向您展示如何您看到可用於其他上下文中。
5. 定語從句
定語從句分為兩類:非限制性定語從句和限制性定語從句。前者用逗號與主句隔開,如果去除這一部分並不改變影響主句的意思的定語從句在非限制性定語從句中,需要注意的是,不能用that替換which引導詞。而限制性定語從句正好與之相反,不需逗號將從句與主句隔開,如果去除的話,將大大影響原句要表達的意思。
定語從句在英語應用能力等級考試中出現頻率相當高。考查點主要在於引導定語從句的關係詞的選擇和非限制性定語從句的辨識。
指代人時,定語從句可以由關係代詞who, whom, whose引導;指代物時,可以由關係代詞which引導;指代人或物時,由that引導;由關係副詞when, where, why等引導。例:
As is announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays. 據今天的報紙宣佈,上海出口商品博覽會星期日也照常開放
注意:
a 關係代詞whom, which, that在從句中做賓語時,常常可以省略,在口語中更常見。
b 引導詞where就等於介詞加which,都指代從句的地點狀語。where本身就可以代替介詞短語表示地點狀語,而which只能指代介詞短語中的名詞,所以它前面或從句中必須有介詞。例:
This is the house where / in which I used to live.
這就是我曾經住過的房子。
I will never forget the days when / during which we lived together.
我永遠忘不了我們在一起的那些日子。
6.狀語從句
在複合句中充當時間、地點、方式、目的、原因、結果等狀語成分的從句通稱為狀語從句。
1 時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句通常由since, when, after, as, while, before, by, during等時間連詞引導。例如:
Tom was playing computer games when his mother found him.
湯姆的媽媽找到他時,他正在玩電腦遊戲。
2地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。例如:
I found my wallet where I walked. 我在我走過的地方找到了錢包。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪裡我都會想到你。
3方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由as, just as…so…, as if, as though引導。例如:
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。
as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿……似的","好像……似的"。例如: They completely ignore these facts as if as though they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實,就彷彿它不存在似的。與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。實現的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。
4目的狀語從句 表示目的的狀語從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in
case等詞引導。例如:
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多穿點衣服,以防天變冷。
5原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句一般由because, since, as和for引導。because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。由because引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因為我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那麼糟,旅行推遲了。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因為他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。
6結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so…that 或 such…that引導。so…that與such…that之間可以轉換。例如: He is so young a boy that he can't go to school.。
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 。 這男孩年齡太小,不能上學。
7條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句的連線詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。unless = if not. 例如:
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. 如果不太累,我們去散散步。
You will be late unless you leave immediately. 除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。
8讓步狀語從句
though, although引導的讓步狀語從句,後面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。例如: Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨,但他們仍在地裡幹活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
as, though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前。例如: Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
雖然是個小孩,該做什麼不做什麼,他全知道。
Young as / though he is, he is so experienced. 雖然很小,但他經驗豐富。
ever if, even though 即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠足。
whether…or… 不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,這確實是真的。
"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+字尾ever" 。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would
not mind. 不管發生什麼,他不在意。
no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
並列連詞英文短語
並列連詞可表示多種意義,但主要有四種,即表示並列、轉折、選擇、因果等。注意並列連詞在句子中位置比較固定,定位於所連線的語言單位之間,兩個並列連詞不能並用,而可以與從屬連詞並用。
1、表示並列關係的並列連詞
1並列連詞and的用法
① 可以連線兩個的詞,多用於肯定句中。
Go and fetch something to eat.連線兩個動詞如go, come等表示目的去取些吃的東西來。 He started to shout and sing.他開始大叫並唱歌。
Read it slowly and clearly.慢慢念,念清楚。
The balloon flew higher and higher.氣球越飛越高。
You can meet teachers and students.你會見到許多老師和學生。
Proper diet and exercise are important to health.適當的飲食和鍛鍊對健康很重要。
②連線兩個句子,表示因果、對比、條件、假設、目的等。
They didn``t catch the bus, and had to stay in a hotel for the night.他們沒趕上汽車,只好在旅館過夜。因果
Mary likes music and Lily is fond of sports.瑪麗喜歡音樂,莉莉愛好體育運動。對比
Work hard and you will succeed.條件,前面部分常為祈使句如果你努力工作,就會成功。 One more week and we’ll accomplish the task.再一星期,我們就完成任務。條件
2並列連詞both„and, not only„but also, as well as的用法
①both„and意為:“不但„而且„; 既„又„”,是並列連詞,可以並列主語、賓語、表語、狀語、謂語等成分。並列主語時謂語動詞用複數形式。
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.這位祕書不但能講而且能寫西班牙語。 Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教學與科研都在大踏步前進。 The delegates visited both New York and Boston.代表們既訪問了紐約,又訪問了波士頓。 She both plays the piano and sings.她既會彈鋼琴又會唱歌。
Both she and the headmaster were pleased with the boy.她和校長都喜歡這個男孩。
The situation both at home and abroad is in our favor.國內外形勢對我們都很有利。
②not only„but also意為:“不但...而且”,是並列連詞,可以連線兩個詞,也可連線兩個句子。其中,but also中的also可以省略。
a.連線兩個成分
not only„but also可以連線句中所有的成分,連線並列主語時,其謂語動詞根據就近原則,與所靠近的成分保持數的一致。
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the movie.不僅學生們津津有味地看著這部電影,而且他們的老師也是如此。
He can speak not only French but also English.他不但會講法而且會講英語。
He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.他不僅看過那部影片,而且記得影片的內容。
b.並列兩個句子
not only„but also可以連線兩個句子,not only位於句首時, not only後的句子要倒裝。 Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科學家而且還是名戰士。
Not only was evrything he had taken away, but his citizenship.不僅他的一切被拿走,而且他的國籍也被取消。
③as well as 其連詞作用,表示“同、和、也”等。
The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.編輯和校對者都在加班工作。 I have read his novels as well as his plays.我讀過他的小說和劇本。
④when並列連詞,意為“就在那時”
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我剛想走,突然電話鈴響了。
We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.我們在戶外一直玩到太陽下山, 那時天下起雨來了。
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