鮑林

委拉斯開茲(1599～1660年)

Velázquez,Diego (Rodríguez de Silva)

西班牙畫家。生於塞維爾，他隨老埃雷拉當學徒，後來由帕切科施以自然主義風格訓練。他的早期作品大多是宗教或風俗體裁。1623年抵達馬德里後，他繪製了腓力四世的肖像，這使其獲得立即的成功，並奉派為宮廷畫家。其地位使他得以接近皇室收藏，其中包括提香的作品，後來對其風格產生了極大的影響。義大利之旅（1629～1631）使其風格更進一步，回到馬德里即開始他最具創造力的時期。他為腓力的狩獵小屋創造出一種新的非正式肖像型別，而委拉斯開茲的宮廷侏儒肖像展現了與皇室人物一樣的洞察眼神。第二次拜訪羅馬時（1649～1651），他繪製了優秀的教宗英諾森十世肖像。晚年他創造出傑作《光榮的少女》（1656）。在這偶然的場景中，顯然藝術家在瑪格利塔公主及其隨從在場的情況下為國王和王后作畫；接近實物大小的人物創造出一種真實世界的幻覺，這是當代沒有其他藝術家能夠超越的。其被認為是西方藝術的巨人之一。

English version：

1599～1660年

Velázquez,Diego (Rodríguez de Silva)

Spanish painter. Born in Sevilla (Seville),he was apprenticed to Francisco Herrera the Elder before being trained in the naturalistic style by Francisco Pacheco. His early works were mostly religious or genre scenes. After arriving in Madrid in 1623,he painted a portrait of Philip IV that won him immediate success and an appointment as court painter. His position gave him access to the royal collections,including works by Titian,the greatest influence on his style. A visit to Italy (1629-31) further developed his style,and on his return to Madrid he entered his most productive period. Velázquez created a new type of informal royal portrait for Philip's hunting lodge,and his portraits of court dwarfs display the same discerning eye as those of his royal subjects. On a second visit to Rome (1649-51) he painted his fine portrait of Pope Innocent X. In his last years he created his masterpiece,[painting]Las Meninas ([painting]The Maids of Honor,1656). In this casual scene,the artist is shown painting the king and queen in the presence of the infanta Margarita and her attendants; the nearly life-size figures create an illusion of reality unsurpassed by any other artist of his age. He is universally acknowledged as one of the giants of Western art.