仙人掌
艾森豪(1890～1969年)
Eisenhower,Dwight D(avid)
美國第三十四任總統（1953～1961），生於德州丹尼森市（Denison）。1915年自西點軍校畢業。1922～1924年到巴拿馬運河區（Panama Canal Zone）服役，1935～1939年在麥克阿瑟（Douglas MacArthur）將軍麾下至菲律賓服役。第二次世界大戰時，馬歇爾（George Marshall）將軍指派他到作戰計畫處任職（1941）。1942年遴選他為駐歐美軍司令。在計畫入侵北非、西西里和義大利之後，1943年就任盟國遠征軍最高司令官。1944年計畫諾曼第登陸（Normandy Campaign），並在歐洲指揮作戰直至1945年德國投降。1944年晉級為五星上將。1945年總統任命他為陸軍參謀長。1948年任哥倫比亞大學校長，直至1951年被任命為北大西洋公約組織最高司令。當時民主黨和共和黨共同推舉艾森豪為總統候選人。1952年艾森豪代表共和黨參加總統大選，以壓倒性勝利擊敗對手史蒂文生（Adlai Stevenson）；1956年，艾森豪再度以壓倒性勝利擊敗史蒂文生，獲得連任。任內政績包括致力以「艾森豪主義」（Eisenhower Doctrine）法案抑制共產主義的滋長，還曾派聯邦軍隊到阿肯色州的小巖城（Little Rock）強制一所市立高中實施無種族差別待遇的政策（1957）。同年當蘇聯發射第一顆人造衛星「史波尼克1號」（Sputnik I）時，他被人批評發展美國太空計畫失敗，因而在1958年建立美國國家航空暨太空總署（NASA）。在他卸任前幾個星期，美國與古巴的外交關係破裂。
English version：
1890～1969年
Eisenhower,Dwight D(avid)
34th president of the U.S. (1953-61). Born in Denison,Texas,he graduated from West Point (1915),then served in the Panama Canal Zone (1922-24) and in the Philippines under Douglas MacArthur (1935-39). In World War II Gen. George Marshall appointed him to the army's war-plans division (1941),then chose him to command U.S. forces in Europe (1942). After planning the invasions of North Africa,Sicily,and Italy,he was appointed supreme commander of Allied forces (1943). He planned the Normandy Campaign (1944) and the conduct of the war in Europe until the German surrender (1945). He was promoted to five-star general (1944) and was named army chief of staff in 1945. He served as president of Columbia University from 1948 until being appointed supreme commander of NATO in 1951. Both Democrats and Republicans courted Eisenhower as a presidential candidate; in 1952,as the Republican candidate,he defeated Adlai Stevenson with the largest popular vote up to that time. He defeated Stevenson again in 1956 in an even larger landslide. His achievements included efforts to contain Communism with the Eisenhower Doctrine. He sent federal troops to Little Rock,Ark.,to enforce integration of a city high school (1957). When the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I (1957),he was criticized for failing to develop the U.S. space program and responded by creating NASA (1958). In his last weeks in office the U.S. broke diplomatic relations with Cuba.