英語詞法和句法與高考英語語法填空模擬題
英語詞類的形式變化有：名詞和代詞的數、格和性的形式變化;動詞的人稱、時態、語態、語氣等形式變化;以及形容詞和副詞比較等級的形式變化。小編在這裡整理了相關資料，希望能幫助到您。
[英語語法手冊]英語詞法和句法
1.詞法***morphology***詞法研究的物件是各種詞的形式及其用法。
英語詞類的形式變化有：名詞和代詞的數、格和性的形式變化;動詞的人稱、時態、語態、語氣等形式變化;以及形容詞和副詞比較等級的形式變化。
2.句法***syntax***句法研究的物件是句子各個組成部分及其安排的規律。
[英語語法手冊]詞類和句子成分的關係
在句子裡，一定的句子成分由一定的詞類來擔任。現將哪些句子成分通常由哪些詞類來擔任列述如下：
主語：名詞和代詞
Beijing is the capital of our country.北京是我國的首都。***名詞Beijing作主語***
She is fond of sports.她愛好運動。***代詞She作主語***
謂語動詞：動詞
My brother rides. his bicycle to work.我哥哥騎自行車上班。***動詞rides作謂語動詞***
表語：名詞、代詞和形容詞
His father is a doctor.他父親是個醫生。***名詞doctor作表語***
The lesson is easy and Short.這課書又容易又短。***形容詞easy和short作表語***
That classroom is ours，那個教室是我們的。***代詞ours作表語***
賓語：名詞和代詞
I love music.我熱愛音樂。***名詞music作賓語***
The medicine is good for her.這藥對她有效。***代詞her作賓語***
定語：形容詞
Li Hong is an excellent teacher.李紅是一位好老師。***形容詞excellent作定語***
狀語：副詞
Our monitor does well in English.我們班長英語學得好。***副詞well作狀語***
英語語法手冊]短語、從句和句子
短語***phrase***具有一定意義但不構成從句或句子的一組詞，叫做短語。短語在句子裡可以單獨作為一個句子成分。短語的種類很多，但本書只用下列幾個短語名稱：
a***不定式短語***infinitive phrase***如He 1ikes to read newspapers after lunch***他喜歡在午飯後讀報***中的to read newspapers after lunch。
b***動名詞短語***gerundial phrase***如：
Staying indoors all day is unhealthy***整天呆在家裡不利於健康***中的staymg indoors all day。
c***分詞短語***participial phrase***如：
I saw many people walking along the lake***我看見許多人在湖邊散步***中的walking along the lake。
d***介詞短語***prepositional phrase***如：
He came by bus***他乘公共汽車來***中的by bus。
從句***clause***內含主語部分和謂語部分，表達一定的概念，但不成為一個獨立句子的一組詞，叫做從句。從句在句子裡可以作為一個句子成分，一般由連詞、關
系代詞或關係副詞所引導。
從句在句中可用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等句子成分;
a***主語從句***subject clause***如What I want to say is this***我要說的是這麼一點***中的what I want to say。
b***表語從句***predicative clause***如This is what I want to say***這是我要說的***中的what I want to say。
c***賓語從句***object clause***如I have said what I want to say***我說完了我要說的話***中的what I want to say。
d***定語從句***attributive clause***如This is the thing I want to say***這就是我要說的***中的I want to say。
e***狀語從句***adverbial clause***如If you want to say something，say it clearly***假如你要說什麼，就應說清楚***中的if you want to say something。
句子***sentence***內含主語部分和謂語部分，有比較完整的意義的一組詞，叫做句子。
從句子結構本身來看，句子可分為：
a***簡單句***simple sentence***只有一個主語部分和一個謂語部分，如：
The people's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國於一九四九年成立。
b***並列句***compound sentence***包括兩個或兩個以上的簡單句，中間常由連詞連線，如：
Tom's father worked from morning till night but he got very little money.湯姆的父親從早幹到晚，但掙得的錢很少。
c***複合句***complex sentence***內含一個或一個以上的從句，如：
It's a long time since I saw you last.好久沒有看見你了。
從說話人說話的目的來看，句子可分為：
a***陳述句***declarative sentence***用來敘述一件事，如：
I saw him yesterday.昨天我看見他了。
b***疑問句***interrogative sentence***用來提出疑問，如：
Did you see him yesterday?你昨天見到他了嗎?
c***祈使句***imperative sentence***表示請求、命令等，如：
Please come in.請進來。
d***感嘆句***exclamatory sentence***表示喜怒等各種情感，如：
What a beautiful voice she has!她嗓子多好啊!
高考英語語法填空模擬題
一
My favourite season is winter. You're probably thinking I'm slightly mad — after all, who doesn't love summer? Winter, in 1. ________ ***it*** own way, is wonderful. For anyone who still needs to be convinced, let me explain 2. ________ I love winter.
During November, Christmas markets appear in 3. ________ number of towns and cities across the UK. London's Hyde Park becomes a huge winter wonderland, 4. ________ there are countless small shops selling food and gifts. Christmas markets have something for everyone. And this provides great entertainment!
The weather gets noticeably colder: the mornings are often frosty and the nights close to freezing. I like the cold weather — for me, there's something nice about wearing a thick winter coat with a scarf and 5. ________ ***glove***.
Along with countless school children across the UK, I get very 6. ________ ***excite*** about the thought of snow. A few years ago there was a lot of snow and many schools had the day off. Snowball fights are great fun and many families enjoy 7. ________ ***build*** snowmen together. I love a white Christmas; 8. ________ ***unfortunate*** this doesn't happen often in the UK.
Throughout December, many churches and schools hold carol concerts: lots of 9. ________ ***tradition*** songs are sung. Christmas dinner is my favourite meal of the year. In my house, Christmas dinner usually 10. ________ ***include*** turkey, potatoes and lots of vegetables, followed by Christmas cake, pies and lots of chocolate!
二
1. ________ ***think*** about my time in France, I noticed quite a few differences between the French and the English.
In French, there are two ways 2. ________ ***say*** "you": "tu" is the informal form, while “vous” is the formal form. When I learnt French, I 3. ________ ***teach*** to call everyone vous unless they were my family or a friend. So I was surprised that 4. ________ ***actual*** everyone in France used tu all the time. But I continued to use vous because I didn't want people to think I was being 5. ________ ***polite***. To be honest, I'm thankful that in English we don't have to worry about these things!
School children in the UK traditionally wear a school uniform but in France pupils do not wear a uniform. It was a culture shock 6. ________ me to see children wearing Spiderman T-shirts and baggy blue jeans while in the classroom. The final difference which struck me was the 7. ________ ***relax*** attitude at school. Teachers were never in 8. ________ rush, and the children and teachers are given long breaks and lots of time to eat 9. ________ ***they*** lunch. This is a contrast to the UK, 10. ________ the school day might seem to be filled with pressure. I found the differences puzzling at times, but I cannot deny what a great opportunity it was to live in another country.