英語被動語態讀書筆記
在英語的語法中，主動語態是主語動作的執行者，而被動語態就是承受者。下面是小編精心為您整理的，希望您喜歡!
一、被動語態定義：
被動語態***passive voice***是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關係。
二、被動語態的結構
那麼，英語中被動語態是怎麼樣構成的呢?請看下面的例句***注意劃線部分***：
His bicycle was stolen.
The building has been built in 2000.
通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態”的構成是：
be + 過去分詞 + ***by+動作執行者***
三、被動語態的運用
什麼情況下要用被動語態呢?一般地說，有下面幾種情況：
***1*** 不知道誰是動作的執行者或沒有必要。例如：
Paper is made from wood. ***紙是由木材生產出來的。***
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. ***這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。***
He was wounded in the fight. ***他在戰鬥在受傷了。***
Electricity is used to run machines. ***電是用來開動機器的。***
***2*** 需要強調動作的物件時。例如：
Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
***計算器不能用於數學考試。***
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. ***閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準帶走。***
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
***他在比賽中獲得了第一。***
***3***為了使語氣婉轉，避擴音到是誰做的這件事。例如：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. ***新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。***
四、各種時態的被動語態舉例
一般地講，被動語態可用於英語的各種時態。為了能準確地運用被動語態，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態變化。各種時態的被動語態舉例如下：
1、 一般現在時的被動語態. am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般過去式的被動語態: was / were + 動詞的過去分詞
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、現在進行時的被動語態: am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、過去進行時的被動語態: was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般將來時的被動語態:
***A*** will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞
***B*** am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、過去將來時的被動語態: ***1***.would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 ***2***.was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、現在完成時的被動語態:have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、過去完成時的被動語態:had + been + 動詞的過去分詞
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情態動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done
例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
五、主動語態改成被動語態方法
把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：
1. 將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語;
2. 謂語動詞變為“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”，並通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態;
3主動語態的主語變為介詞by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之後。***有時by的短語可以省略***;
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.