關於民族英雄的歷史小短文

　　民族英雄是一個歷史性、民族性很強的概念,我們應本著還原歷史客觀面目的本真態度,辯證性地考察民族英雄這個概念。小編分享，希望可以幫助大家!

　　：戚繼光

　　Qi Jiguang***1528~1587*** was born into a military family in Dingyuan County of Anhui; he was a military general and national hero during the Ming Dynasty and was best remembered for his courage and leadership in the fight against Japanese pirates along the east coast of China.

　　戚繼光***1528~1587***，出生在安徽定遠一個軍人家庭，中國明朝將軍和民族英雄，最突出的貢獻是率軍勇敢地在中國東海岸與日本倭寇作鬥爭。

　　In 1553, Qi Jiguang was promoted to Assistant Regional Military Commissioner of defense force against Japanese pirates.

　　1553年，戚繼光任署都指揮僉事，抵抗倭寇。

　　The next year he was appointed the Military Commissioner, a rank similar to today's chief of staff in Zhejiang where the Japanese pirates colluded with their Chinese counterparts and expanded their forces.

　　1554年戚繼光改僉浙江都司，任參將。倭寇在浙江與當地海盜串通一氣，擴大規模。

　　Qi led the Ming soldiers to a decisive victory.

　　戚繼光率明軍取得了決定性的勝利。

　　In the 40th year of Jiajing's Reign of the Qing Dynasty, his troops continued to deal fatal blows to the pirates at Taizhou, Zhejiang Province.

　　嘉靖四十年，戚繼光在臺州大勝。

　　The next year Qi Jiguang led his well-trained troops south into Fujian Province where pirate activities surged and had established strongholds along the coast. His army eradicated major lairs of Japanese pirates, including the one at Hengyu.

　　次年戚繼光率領他訓練有素的軍隊前去援閩，搗破倭寇在橫嶼等地的老巢。

　　In 44th year of Jiajing Reign, he exterminated the Japanese pirates in Guangdong Province.

　　嘉靖四十四年戚繼光剿平廣東倭寇。

　　In order to resist Japanese pirates, he innovated a series of military reforms. From the experience of the maneuver he wrote Records of Military Training and Military Strategy, which became an invaluable reference for military leaders after him.

　　戚繼光根據當時抗倭鬥爭的需要，進行了一系列軍事改革，所著《紀效新書》、《練兵實紀》等軍事理論著作成為後世軍事領導的寶貴資料。

　　：岳飛

　　Yue Fei***1103~1141*** was one of China's greatest generals and national heroes.

　　岳飛***1103~1141***，中國最偉大的將軍和民族英雄之一。

　　In 1126, North China was overrun by the nomadic Juchen and the Song capital at Kai-fengtaken.

　　公元1126年中國北部被女真人侵人，宋都開封淪陷。

　　The former emperor Hui-tsung, who had abdicated in 1125/26, together with his son, theemperor Ch'in-tsung ***reigned 1125/26~27***, was carried into captivity.

　　1125/1126年退位的宋徽宗和宋欽宗*** 1125年/1126年至1127年在位***被囚禁。

　　Another son of Hui-tsung, later known as Kao-tsung ***reigned 1127~62/63***, reestablished theDynasty in the south, hence its designation as the Nan, or Southern, Song***1127~1279***.

　　徽宗的另一個兒子在南方重建宋廷***所以叫南宋***，稱高宗***1127年至1279年在位***。

　　Retreating southward with Kao-tsung, Yue Fei assumed command of the Sung forces. Heprevented the advance of the Juchen by taking advantage of their difficulty in using theircavalry in hilly South China.

　　在跟隨高宗南撤的過程中，岳飛執掌著宋軍的指揮權，利用女真人不善在南方多山地區作戰這一特點，阻止其繼續南攻。

　　Assuming the offensive, he was able to recover and secure some of the occupied territory incentral China south of the Yangtze and Huai rivers.

　　通過進攻，嶽匕收復了中原長江、淮河以南部分失地。

　　His attempt to push north and recover all the lost Chinese territory was opposed, however,by a peace party within the capital headed by the minister Chin Kuei, who believed that furtherprosecution of the war would be too costly.

　　但是，岳飛繼續北進收又中國所有失地的努力受到京城以承相秦檜為首的求和派的反對。秦檜認為繼續作戰耗費太大。

　　Chin Kuei's faction proved more influential, and in 1141, Yue Fei was imprisoned andexecuted, and a peace treaty was signed that relinquished the northern territory.

　　秦檜一派影響太大，1141年岳飛被監禁，之後被處死。南宋與女真簽訂和約，放棄了中國北部領土。

　　Yue Fei became revered as a great national hero, and Ch'in Kuei came to be viewed as a traitor.

　　岳飛被尊為偉大的民族英雄，秦檜被視為賣國賊。

　　In the 20th century, Yue has been extolled as a champion of national resistance in the face offoreign domination.

　　20世紀，岳飛被贊為最佳民族抗敵英雄。

　　：鄭成功

　　Zheng Chenggong***1624~1662*** was a Chinese military leader of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

　　鄭成功***1624~1662 ***，明末清初的軍事領袖。

　　After the Ming Dynasty fell to the Manchu, Zheng refused Manchu offers of rank and power and launched a military campaign against the new Dynasty in 1659, taking a large force from his base in Fujian Province up the Yangtze River. Initial success turned into failure, but, undaunted, Zheng took Taiwan from the Dutch in 1662 to use as a secure rear base area.

　　明朝被滿族滅亡之後，鄭成功拒絕滿族人提供的官位和權力，並於1659年發起了反清戰爭。鄭成功率軍從他的基地福建出發沿長江而仁，最初取得了勝利，但是最後還是失敗了。但是,1662年鄭成功勇敢地從荷蘭手中收復了臺灣，把臺灣當成安全的後方基地。

　　Further glory was cut short by his death later that year.

　　輝煌的戰績就到此為止，因為同年稍後鄭成功去世了。

　　He became a popular deity and cultural hero to the Chinese, and even the Qing court honoured him as a paragon of loyalty.

　　對中國人而言，鄭成功成為一個神明和文化英雄。甚至清廷也尊鄭成功為忠君模範。

　　In Japan the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon celebrated him on the stage ***Zheng had a Japanese mnther***.

　　日本劇作家近鬆門左衛門也通過舞臺歌頌鄭成功***鄭母是日本人***。