小學英語句子成分分析
對於小學的英語學習來說,英語句子的組成成分結構的學習很重要。下面是小編為大家帶來的,歡迎大家學習!
什麼叫句子成分呢?句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,詞與詞之間有一定的組合關係,按照不同的關係,可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或片語充當。現代漢語裡一般的句子成分有六種,即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有七種:主語***subject***、謂語***predicate***、表語***predicative***、賓語***object***、定語***attribute***、狀語***adverbial*** 和補語***complement***。
英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。
英語五種基本句型列式如下:
一: S V ***主+謂***
二: S V P ***主+系+表***
三: S V O ***主+謂+賓***
四: S V o O ***主+謂+間賓+直賓***
五: S V O C ***主+謂+賓+賓補***
基本句型 一:S V ***主+謂***
主語:可以作主語的成分有名詞***如boy***,主格代詞***如you***,動詞不定式,動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數形式常和冠詞不分家!
謂語:謂語由動詞構成,是英語時態、語態變化的主角,一般在主語之後。不及物動詞***vi.***沒有賓語,形成主謂結構,如:We come.
此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞,後面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
S │ V ***不及物動詞***
1. The sun │was shining. 太陽在照耀著。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙長存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所講的沒有什麼關係。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利。
基本句型 二: S V P ***主+系+表***
此句型的句子有一個共同的特點:句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思,必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成複合謂語,才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連繫動詞。系動詞分兩類:be, look, keep, seem等屬一類,表示情況;get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類,表示變化。be 本身沒有什麼意義,只起連繫主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作聯絡動詞:look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯,feel good/感覺好,smell bad/難聞
S │V***是系動詞***│ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的氣味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他墮入了情網。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看來都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們缺少錢。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我們井榦枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的臉紅了。
There be 結構: There be 表示‘存在有’。這裡的there沒有實際意義,不可與副詞‘there那裡’混淆。
此結構後跟名詞,表示‘***存在***有某事物’
試比較:There is a boy there.***那兒有一個男孩。***/前一個there無實意,後一個there為副詞‘那裡’。
基本句型 三: S V O ***主+謂+賓***
此句型句子的共同特點是:謂語動詞都具有實義,都是主語產生的動作,但不能表達完整的意思,必須跟有一個賓語,即動作的承受者,才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語位於及物動詞之後,一般同主語構成一樣,不同的是構成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’,如:me,him,them等
S │V***及物動詞***│ O
1. Who │knows │the answer? 誰知道答案?
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜歡看書。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他說:"早上好!"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承認犯了錯誤。
小學英語句子組成解析
常用的英語句子並不都象基本句型這樣簡短,這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外,通常是在這些成分的前面或後面增加一些修飾語***modifier***而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞***主要是形容詞、副詞和數詞***,也可以是各種型別的短語***主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語***。我們稱之為:定語、狀語
一、 定語:定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子,漢語中常用‘……的’表示。定語通常位於被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構成的複合不定代詞時,***如:something、nothing***;或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時,則定語通常置後。副詞用作定語時須放在名詞之後。
形容詞作定語:
The little boy needs a blue pen.***little修飾名詞boy;blue修飾名詞pen.***/小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是個英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有個乖男孩。
數詞作定語相當於形容詞:
Two boys need two pens./兩個男孩需要兩支鋼筆。
The two boys are students./這兩個男孩是學生。
There are two boys in the room./房間裡有兩個男孩。
代詞或名詞所有格作定語:
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的鋼筆。
His name is Tom./他的名字是湯姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那兒有Tom家的兩個男孩。
介詞短語作定語:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室裡的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有兩個9歲的,三個10歲的男孩。
名詞作定語:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圓珠筆。
It is a ball pen./這是一支圓珠筆。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./這鉛筆盒裡只有一支圓珠筆。
副詞作定語:
The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。
The best boy here is Tom./這裡最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定語:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天無事要做。
分詞***短語***作定語:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。 The pen bought by her is made in China./她買的筆是中國產的。
There are five boys left./有五個留下的男孩。
定語從句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那個在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。
The boy you will know is Tom./你將認識的男孩叫湯姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./參加遊戲的男孩有五個。
。
狀語在句子中的位置很靈活,常見情況為:通常在句子基本結構之後,強調時放在句首;修飾形容詞或副詞時,通常位於被修飾的詞之前;表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位於句子兩頭,強調時放在句首,地點狀語一般須在時間狀語之前;一些表示不確定時間***如:often***或程度***如:almost***的副詞狀語通常位於be動詞、助動詞、情態動詞之後,動詞之前。
有時狀語在句中的某個位置會引起歧義,應注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室裡的女孩‘***此時in the classroom為girl的定語***,也可以理解為‘男孩在教室裡喊女孩’***此時in the classroom為地點狀語***,最好寫作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'
副詞***短語***作狀語:
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。***程度狀語***
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。***賓語較長則狀語前置***
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。***程度狀語***
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩現在需要一鋼筆。***時間狀語***
介詞短語作狀語:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室裡,男孩需要一支鋼筆。***地點狀語***
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個男孩子.***條件狀語*** On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室裡沒有學生.***時間狀語***
分詞***短語***作狀語:
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。***表示伴隨狀態***
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因為不得不完成作業,男孩需要一支筆。***原因狀語***
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./***因為***受了驚嚇,他無聲地坐在那兒。***原因狀語***
不定式作狀語:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業。***目的狀語***
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./為實現夢想,湯姆變得對商業很有興趣.
名詞作狀語:
Come this way!/走這條路!***方向狀語***
狀語從句:
時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結果狀語從句、目的狀語從句
比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句
小學英語句子組成成分學習
句子成分練習題*** 一 ***
***一***. 指出下列句中主語的中心詞
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
***二*** 選出句中謂語的中心詞
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give B.did C. whom D. book
***三*** 挑出下列句中的賓語
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
1.小學英語課堂用語100句
2.英語簡單句子結構分析
3.英語長句子結構
4.關於英語語法句子種類
5.小學英語句子專項練習
6.小學英語句子練習題