大學英語必備知識點

　　英語作為一門國際性語言，其地位的重要性不容忽視。大學英語有哪些必備的知識點?下面小編給你分享，歡迎閱讀。

　　大學英語寫作必備知識點

　　1.記敘文的展開

　　***1*** Considering purpose and audience: keep in mind that your story should deal with an event or a topic that will appeal to your audience.

　　***2*** Development through prewriting: freewriting is a helpful prewriting technique. As you think about the story you want to relate, many ideas will crowd into your mind.

　　***3*** Development through revising.

　　——摘自《美國大學英語寫作》

　　2.描寫性文章的展開：選準話題，考慮讀者

　　The main purpose of a descriptive essay is to make readers see or hear, taste, smell or feel—what you are writing about. Vivid details are the key to descriptive essays, enabling your audience to picture and experience what you describe. As you start to think about your own descriptive essay, choose a topic that appeals to at least one of your senses. When selecting your topic, consider how much your audience already knows about it. Once you have selected your topic, focus on the goal or purpose of your essay.

　　——摘自《美國大學英語寫作》

　　3.寫作前的準備工作，應該考慮的一些問題

　　***1***Understanding the nature and length of an assignment;

　　***2***Knowing your subject;

　　***3***Knowing your purpose and audience;

　　***4***Determining your point of view;

　　***5***Using peer review;

　　***6***Doing a personal review.

　　——摘自《美國大學英語寫作》

　　4.修改短文遵循四個原則

　　***1***Unity;

　　***2***Support;

　　***3***Coherence;

　　***4***Sentence skills.

　　If you advance a single point and stick to that point, your paper will have unity; if you support the point with specific evidence, your paper will have support; if you organize and connect the specific evidence, your paper will have coherence; if you write clear, error-free sentences, your paper will demonstrate effective sentence skills.

　　——摘自《美國大學英語寫作》

　　5.寫作時要評估讀者已有知識

　　When writing an essay, try to remember that your instructor is not the only member of your audience. Although the instructor is often the only person who will read the finished product, customizing a paper to his or her level of knowledge can run the risk of leaving out important information, since many instructors know more about your topic than the average reader would. In addition, omitting information that your instructor already knows can result in a weak or unbalanced paper. However, if you assume that your reader is less knowledgeable than you, you are likely to provide more details and better explanations, which usually results in a much stronger paper.

　　——摘自《英語寫作教程—從創新思維到批判思維》

　　6.任務描寫的兩個目的

　　Generally speaking, the objective of describing a person is twofold: to portray the person vividly so that readers can imagine what he or she looks like, and to show how the person is significant in your life. Although your writing will reveal something about yourself and your relationship with the person, the focus should remain fixed on the person you are describing—physical appearance, typical behavior, way of speaking, specific anecdotes, etc. For example, suppose that you want to write a descriptive essay about your grandfather. You decide to write about his physical appearance and ways of living. To achieve this, you might describe his rough and gnarled4 hands, a result of his lifelong labor, but you might also describe how he would hold your hands so gently with his rough hands when having a conversation or taking a walk with you.

　　——摘自《英語寫作教程—從創新思維到批判思維》

　　7.倒著讀，檢查文章

　　Proofreading means checking the final, edited draft of your paper closely for typos and other careless errors. A helpful strategy is to read your paper backward, from the last sentence to the first. This helps keep you from getting caught up in the flow of the paper and missing small mistakes.

　　——摘自《美國大學英語寫作》

　　8.寫記敘文時要注意事件時長

　　When you write a personal narrative, the duration of the event about which you’re writing becomes a raw resource; you can use it, alter it, and control it. Of course, you could write a “straight” narrative that sticks closely to chronological time, but very few narrative topics work well this way. Think about it: you can read the body paragraphs of a 600-word essay in less than five minutes. Do you want to write your essay about a five-minute life experience? Perhaps, but searching for such a topic would truly restrict your opportunities.

　　——摘自《英語寫作教程—從創新思維到批判思維》

　　9.描述過往經驗的意義

　　Why do we write about our past experiences? Perhaps out of nostalgia for the past, or perhaps to make sense of the past. When we write about significant events in our lives, we come to know ourselves better, bringing into focus what’s truly important to us and clarifying our beliefs and values. We also examine the forces—within ourselves and in our social structures—that have shaped our lives. In a word, a personal experience essay can help us explore, deepen, and complicate our perceptions of the world.

　　——摘自《英語寫作教程—從創新思維到批判思維》

　　10.名言引用

　　法國思想家、散文家Montaigne 曾說：“I quote others in order the better to express my own self.”。在英語寫作中，恰當地引用至理名言來證明自己文章中的觀點更具有說服力，可以使問題和觀點的闡述更為深刻有力，有時會取得畫龍點晴的效果。引文一定要準確無誤，與內容緊密相關，不能斷章取義、牽強附會，並要正確地使用標點符號。如果用引語來證明自己的觀點，就需要通過轉述動詞***reporting verb*** 用不同的短語和從句把引語自然流暢地融入到自己的論點表述中。

　　——摘自《新世紀實用英語寫作》***第三版***

　　大學英語翻譯必備知識點

　　1. history of translation in China.

　　***1*** the eastern Han Dynasty ---The Song Dynasty

　　Buddhism Xuan Zang ***佛經***

　　***2*** the Ming Dynasty and the Tsing Dynasty

　　Technique Ming***Xu Guangqi Mikicci*** Tsing***Yan Fu***天演論 Evolution and Ethics*** Lin shu*** ***科技翻譯***

　　***3*** after May Forth Movement

　　literature 魯迅 ***文學翻譯***

　　***4*** after 1949 傅雷錢鍾書楊憲益與戴乃迭許淵衝

　　2. 翻譯首先是語言活動，也是文化活動

　　3. 嚴復提出的翻譯標準：信達雅 faithfulness expressiveness elegance

　　4. 翻譯的過程：理解和表達

　　5. During one four-year peroid about 600 years ago, the Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe.

　　6. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.

　　7. 英語屬於印歐語系，Indo-European.漢語屬於漢藏語系,Han-Tibetan

　　8. 英語重形合***hypotaxis***,漢語重意合***parataxis***

　　9. read one’s shirt 在襯衫上捉蝨子

　　10. read between the lines 找出言外之意

　　11. lose one’s shirt 輸得精光

　　12. to take medicine吃藥 to suffer losses吃虧 to regret ,feel remorse吃後悔藥 to be very popular 吃香to be amazed吃驚 to bear hardships 吃苦a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit吃一塹長一智

　　13. sell oneself 自我宣傳，自薦 on the nose 準確地

　　14. You bet!不敢當

　　15. The teacher gave a further explanation of the meaning of the sentence.

　　16. This style of hat is not popular any longer. You are quite out.

　　17. I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力氣，他們利用我賺錢

　　18. Sphinx is a must for most foreign visitors in Egypt.

　　19. Government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.一個民有民治民享的政府永遠不會消失

　　20. We must make full use of existing technical equipment.

　　21. Under no circumstances will we give in.我們絕不退讓。

　　22. The Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place. 華爾街是個競爭激烈的地方

　　23. ladybird 瓢蟲 love child 私生子 love apple 番茄 small business 小商行

　　24. dressed to kill 打扮迷人 fortune teller 算命先生