賓語從句和定語從句的區別

　　英語中，賓語從句，定語從句一直是一個比較難區分的英語語法。下面就跟著小編一起來看看吧。

　　賓語從句

　　***一*** 賓語從句在複合句中作主句的賓語.賓語從句常由that引導,在口語中常省略.當主句中謂語動詞是現在或將來時態時,從句中謂語動詞不受主句中謂語動詞時態的 影響,按需要可以使用任何時態.如：She says ***that*** she works from Monday to Friday.她說她從週一至週五上班.***從句是一般現在時*** She says ***that*** she will leave a message on his desk.她說她要在他桌子上留個便條.***從句是一般將來時*** She says ***that*** she has never been to Mount Emei.她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山.***從句是現在完成時*** 當主句謂語是過去時態,從句中的時態一般用表示過去的某種時態.如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他說昨天下午沒有課.***從句是一般過去時*** He said ***that*** he was going to take care of the baby.他說他會去照看這個嬰兒.***從句是過去將來時*** He said ***that*** they were having a meeting at that time.他說他們那時正在開會.***從句是過去進行時*** *當主句謂語是過去時態,而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理***事實***時,賓語從句的時態則用一般現在時.如：The teacher told us***that*** nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人.She said ***that*** her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她說她父親比她大二十八歲.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說光傳播比聲音傳播快得多.

　　***二*** 由連線代詞或連線副詞引導的賓語從句.引出名詞性從句的連詞whether和if,在引出賓語從句時,用法和意義相同.但是隻能引出賓語從句和不在句首的主語從句,而whether除了引出賓語從句外,還可引出主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句.例如：We don't know whether ***if*** it is right.我們不知道它是否正確.The question is whether she should do that.問題在於她是否應該做那件事.Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假還是個問題.試比較：當if從句處在主句之後作“是否”講時,引出的是賓語從句.例如：I don't know if it is true.我不知道這事是否真實.當if從句在主句之前作“如果”講,則引出狀語從句.例如：I shall go there if I have time.如果我有時間,我將到那兒去.

　　定語從句

       ***Attributive Clauses***在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞.定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關係詞***關係代詞或關係副詞***引出.

　　關係代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which等.

　　關係副詞有：when,where,why等.

　　關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分.關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致.

　　1***who,whom,that

　　這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是你想見的人嗎?***who/that在從句中作主語***

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天見的那個人.***whom/that在從句中作賓語***

　　2*** Whose 用來指人或物,***只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換***,例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.

　　Please pass me the book whose ***of which*** cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書.

　　3***which,that

　　它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如：

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮.***which / that在句中作主語***

　　The package ***which / that*** you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.***which / that在句中作賓語***

　　關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語.

　　1***when,where,why

　　關係副詞when,where,why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例如：

　　There are occasions when ***on which*** one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候.

　　Beijing is the place where ***in which*** I was born.北京是我的出生地.

　　Is this the reason why ***for which*** he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

　　2***that代替關係副詞

　　that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when,where,why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如：

　　His father died the year ***that / when / in which*** he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了.

　　He is unlikely to find the place ***that / where / in which*** he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.

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