英語必修一語法知識點

  英語教學的最終目的就是要培養學生與外界交流資訊、表達思想的能力。語法是一個非常重要的工具,它可以幫助人們理解和運用語言。接下來小編為你整理了,一起來看看吧。

  :直接引語和間接引語

  概念:直接引語:直接引述別人的原話。一般前後要加引號。

  間接引語:用自己的話轉述別人的話。間接引語在多數情況下可構成賓語從句且不要加引號。

  例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”

  Mr.Black said that he was busy.

  陳述句的變化規則

  直接引語如果是陳述句,變為間接引語時,用連詞that***可省略***引導,從句中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要發生相應的變化。

  人稱的變化——人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思

  例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.

  2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in yourroom.”

  → He told me that he had left his book in my room.

  時態的變化

直接引語

間接引語

一般現在時

一般過去時

現在進行時

過去進行時

現在完成時

過去完成時

一般過去時

過去完成時

一般將來時

過去將來時

過去完成時

過去完成時

  例:

  “I don’t want to set down a series of factsin a diary,” said Anne.

  →Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series offacts in a diary.

  The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”

  → The boy said that he was using a knife.

  ▲注意:如果直接引語是客觀真理,變為間接引語時,時態不變,如:

  He said, “Light travels much faster thansound.”

  He said that light travels much faster thansound.

  指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化

直接引語

間接引語

this

that

these

those

now

then

ago

before/earlier

today

that day

yesterday

the day before

tomorrow

the next/following day

the day after tomorrow

In two day’s time

come

go

here

there

the day before yesterday

two days before/earlier

  :定語從句

  概念:在複合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。

  成分:先行詞,即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關係代詞:that,which,who***賓格為whom,所有格為whose***;或者關係副詞where,when,why等。關係代詞或關係副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間,起著連線主從句的作用。

  1.關係代詞that的用法

  關係代詞that在定語從句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主語,也能做賓語

  例:1***A plane is a machine that can fly. ***指物,作主語***

  2***The noodles ***that*** I cooked were delicious.***指物,作賓語***

  3***Who is the man that is reading a book overthere? ***指人,作主語***

  4***The girl ***that*** we saw yesterday was Jim’ssister,***指人,作賓語***

  2. 關係代詞which的用法

  關係代詞which在定語從句中只能指物,但既可以做賓語也能作主語

  例:1***They planted some trees which didn’t needmuch water. ***作主語***

  2***The fish ***which*** we bought this morningwere not fresh. ***作賓語***

  3. 關係代詞who,whom的用法

  關係代詞who,whom只能指人,在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語

  例:1***The foreigner who helped us yesterday isfrom USA.***作主語***

  2***The person to whom you just talked to isMr. Li. ***作賓語***、

  4. 關係代詞whose在的用法

  關係代詞whose為關係代詞who的所有格形式,其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以做賓語。

  例:1***This is the scientist whose name is known all over theworld. ***指人,作主語***

  2*** The roomwhose window faces south is mine. ***指物,作主語***

  3***He has written a book whose name I’veforgotten. ***指物,作賓語***

  5. 關係副詞when的用法

  關係副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語

  例:1***I’ll neverforget the time when ***=during which*** we worked on the farm.

  2*** Do you remember the afternoon when ***=onwhich*** we first met three years ago?

  6.關係副詞where在定語從句中的用法

  關係副詞where在定語從句中做地點狀語

  例:1***This is the place where*** =at/ in which*** wefirst met.

  2*** The hotel where ***= in which *** we stayed wasn’t very clean.

  7.關係副詞why在定語從句中的用法

  關係副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語

  例: 1***. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t thereason why***= for which*** I left.

  2***. The reason why ***=for which*** he has late was that he missed thetrain.

  :變化規則

  ***一***祈使句的變化規則

  如果直接引語是祈使句,變為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式,並根據句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動詞,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面還要加上not。例:

  The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”

  → The hostess asked us to sit down.

  He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

  → He told the boys not to make so much noise.

  ***二***疑問句的變化規則

  如果直接引語是疑問句,變為間接引語時要把疑問句語序變為陳述句語序,句末用句號。

  一般疑問句:如果直接引語是一般疑問句,變為間接引語時,謂語動詞是say或said時,要改為ask 或asked,原問句變為由if/whether引導的賓語從句。例:

  “Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says.

  → The writer asks us if we think a diary can become ourfriend.

  2*** 特殊疑問句:如果間接引語是特殊疑問句,變為間接引語時,仍用原來的引導詞,但疑問句要變為陳述句。例:

  “What do you want?” he asked me.

  → He asked me what I wanted