英語四級閱讀理解練習題與答案

　　下面是小編整理的，希望對大家有幫助。

　　I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.

　　Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting ***稍縱即逝的*** thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.

　　The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.

　　Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

　　Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

　　1. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” ***Line 4, Para. 1*** in the writing process, he means ________.

　　A*** no one can be both creative and critical

　　B*** they cannot be regarded as equally important

　　C*** they are in constant conflict with each other

　　D*** one cannot use them at the same time

　　2. What prevents people from writing on is ________.

　　A*** putting their ideas in raw form

　　B*** attempting to edit as they write

　　C*** ignoring grammatical soundness

　　D*** trying to capture fleeting thoughts

　　3. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?

　　A*** To organize one’s thoughts logically.

　　B*** To choose an appropriate topic.

　　C*** To get one’s ideas down.

　　D*** To collect raw materials.

　　4. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.

　　A*** it overstresses the role of the creative mind

　　B*** it takes too much time to edit afterwards

　　C*** it may bring about too much criticism

　　D*** it does not help them to think clearly

　　5. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?

　　A*** It refines his writing into better shape.

　　B*** It helps him to come up with new ideas.

　　C*** It saves the writing time available to him.

　　D*** It allows him to sit on the side and observe.

　　1. D 2. B 3. C 4.B 5. A

　　As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious ***有營養的*** foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.

　　The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.” In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s

　　condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap ***缺陷*** may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.

　　1. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.

　　A*** keeping people in a healthy physical condition

　　B*** monitoring patients’ body functions

　　C*** removing people’s bad living habits

　　D*** ensuring people’s psychological well-being

　　2. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________.

　　A*** good health is more than not being ill

　　B*** drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful

　　C*** regular health checks are essential to keeping fit

　　D*** prevention is more difficult than cure

　　3. Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he ________.

　　A*** does not have any unhealthy living habits