零冠詞的用法及考查要點
冠詞本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞,另一種是不定冠詞,還有一種是零冠詞。零冠詞是指名詞前面沒有不定冠詞、定冠詞,也沒有其他限定詞的現象,零冠詞的用法如下:
考題點選1 If you go by ______ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______ fast one. ***05全國卷3***
A.the; the B.不填;a C.the; a D.不填;不填
在由介詞by 加表示交通方式的名詞短語中,不用冠詞。但如果by 不表示交通方式,而表示地理位置,就需要加冠詞了。如:by sea 乘船;by the sea 在海邊
考題點選2 It is often said that _____ teachers have _____ very easy life. *** 05北京卷***
A. 不填;不填C. the, 不填B. 不填;a D. the, a
teachers 是複數名詞,用來表示類屬,不加冠詞。只有在特定範圍內的複數名詞前才加冠詞。“have a … life”是一個習慣短語,表示“過著… 的生活”。
考題點選3 The warmth of _______ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ______wool used. ***01全國***
A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /
sweater 的保暖效能取決於使用哪一種型別的羊毛。the 加單數名詞sweater 表示一種型別;而羊毛是物質名詞,表示類屬的物質名詞不加冠詞。
零冠詞的用法
1***國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,Mary;
2***泛指的複數名詞,表示一類人或事物時,可不用定 冠詞;They are teachers. 他們是教師。
3***抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞;Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母
4***物質名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞,當表示 特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞;Man cannot live without water. 人離開水就無法生存。
5***在季節、月份、節日、假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。
6***在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞;The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那裡。
7***在三餐飯、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast,play chess 但如果三餐飯的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則需要加冠詞。如:have a big breakfast
8***當兩個或兩個以上名詞並用時,常省去冠詞;
I can‘t write without pen or pencil. 沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。
9***當by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞;by bus,by train;
10***有些個體名詞不用冠詞;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個體名詞,直接置於介詞後,表示該名詞的深層含義;go to hospital 去醫院看病go to the hospital 去醫院***並不一定去看病***
11***不用冠詞的序數詞;a. 序數詞前有物主代詞b. 序數詞作副詞He came first in the race. c. 在固定片語中at ***the*** first, first of all, from first to last
12***在複習過程中注意不帶冠詞的短語和習慣用語。
13***特別注意加冠詞和不加冠詞的意義區別。如:go to hospital --- go to the hospital at table --- at the table in charge of --- in the charge of out of question --- out of the question
不定冠詞的位置
考題點選1 ______ role she played in the film! No wonder she D has won an Oscar. ***2002上海春***
A. How interesting C. What interesting B. How an interesting D. What an interesting
不定冠詞常位於名詞或名詞修飾語前。但位於下列形容詞之後:such,what,many,half,如:I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.
考題點選2 We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. ***2003上海***
A. a rush so anxious C. so an anxious rush B. a such anxious rush D. such an anxious rush
當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時,不定冠詞應放在形容詞之後:It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short
a time. Too long a distance.
還需注意下面三個問題:
1、quite,rather與單數名詞連用,冠詞放在其後。但當rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前後均可。如:quite a lot
2、在as,though 引導的讓步狀語從句中,當標語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞後:Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他儘管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發抖。
3、當名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時,不定冠詞通常置於比較級形容詞之後。
定冠詞的位置
考題點選1 考題點選He did it ____ it took me. ***2003北京***
A.one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the
time 定冠詞通常位於名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之後,名詞之前。
All the students in the class went out. 班裡的所有學生都出去了。