高一上學期英語知識點

　　高一英語與初中銜接，那麼高一上學期的英語知識點你都掌握了嗎?接下來小編為你整理了，一起來看看吧。

　　：必背句型

　　1*** It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. ***從句時態用完成時*** 這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。

　　2*** I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.***強調句*** 我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。

　　3*** I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 有一天晚上，我熬到11點半故意不睡覺，為的是獨自好好看看月亮一次。

　　4*** Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.***非限制性定語從句*** 你的一個朋友叫你在期末考試中幫他作弊，這個朋友平常不認真學習。

　　5*** If you have some trouble ***in*** getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相處上有問題，你可以寫信給編輯向他徵求建議。

　　6*** Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起來，看看得了多少。

　　7*** What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所為增加了我們的困難。

　　8*** His income adds up to $1000 a month. 他每月的收入共計1000美元。

　　9*** It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 觀看這些已不再是樂趣，因為大自然是你必須體驗的。

　　10*** Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她為什麼那麼關注他對她的工作的看法?

　　11*** The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察讓他在報告中寫下他所看見的事情。

　　12*** As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正當我打算出去找他時，他恰巧進來。

　　13*** Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 瓊斯先生單獨一人生活，常常感到孤獨。

　　14*** We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying. 我們試圖讓他平靜下來，但他仍不停地哭著。

　　15*** Does he dare ***to*** go out at night in such stormy weather? 他敢在這樣一個暴風雨夜外出嗎?

　　：簡單句的五種基本結構

　　S+V是主謂

　　S+V+DO 是主謂加雙賓

　　S+V+P是主謂賓

　　S***主語***+V***謂語***+ I***間接賓語***+D***直接賓語***

　　S***主語***+V***動詞***+O ***賓語***+Complement***補語***

　　1. Subject ***主語*** + Verb ***謂語***

　　這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，這些動詞常見的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：

　　The students work very hard.學生們學習很努力。

　　She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。

　　The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上發生的。

　　2. Subject ***主語*** + Link. V***系動詞*** + Predicate***表語***

　　這種句型中的系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：

　　***1***表示狀態的連繫動詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：

　　Several players lay flat on the playground.幾個隊員平躺在操場上。

　　We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們在任何時候都應該保持謙虛謹慎。

　　This kind of food tastes terrible.這種食物吃起來很糟糕。

　　The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。

　　***2***表示轉變或結果的系動詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：

　　Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。

　　Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那種食物，已經變質了。

　　The facts prove true.事實證明是正確的。

　　3. Subject***主語*** + Verb ***謂語*** + Object ***賓語***

　　這種句型中的動詞應為及物動詞或者可以後接賓語的動詞短語。同時，句子中有時含有與賓語有關的狀語。作賓語的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。如：

　　You can put the books in your bag.你可以把書放在書包裡。

　　Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我們這裡的農民種很多種蔬菜。

　　She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞臺上露面的機會。

　　I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網頁。

　　4. Subject***主語***+Verb***謂語***+ Indirect object***間接賓語***+Direct object ***直接賓語***

　　這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”，直接賓語常常指“物”。如：

　　Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。

　　The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在給孩子們講長征中的故事。

　　這種句型還可轉換為其他兩種句型：1***動詞 + 賓語 + for sb.; 2***動詞 + 賓語+to sb.。如：

　　Please show me your picture.

　　-Please show your picture to me.

　　請把你的畫給我看一下。

　　I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose heart.

　　—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.

　　只要你不失去信心，我會給你提供機會的。

　　5. Subject***主語***+Verb ***動詞***+Object ***賓語***+Complement***補語***

　　這種句型中的賓語+ 補語可統稱為“複合賓語”。擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如：

　　Keep the children quiet, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。

　　He painted the wall white. 他把牆漆成白色。

　　We found him an honest person.我們發現他是一個誠實的人。

　　His mother told him not to play on the street.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。

　　注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等後面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：

　　The boss made him do the work all day.老闆讓他整天做那項工作。

　　：英語句子成分分析

　　1、主語***subject***: 句子說明的人或事物。

　　The sun rises in the east. ***名詞***

　　He likes dancing. ***代詞***

　　Twenty years is a short time in history. ***數詞***

　　Seeing is believing. ***動名詞***

　　To see is to believe. ***不定式***

　　What he needs is a book. ***主語從句***

　　It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

　　***It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語***

　　附帶複習一下it 作形式主語的一些用法: 當主語部分太長時為了句子平衡採用it作形式主語。所謂形式是指句子的真正主語將在句子末段出現

　　1.it is+名詞+從句 :It is a surprise that you give such an answer to this question.

　　2. it is +形容詞+從句: It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.

　　3. It +動詞+從句: It appeared that he had a taste for music.

　　4. It be +分詞+從句:It is said that Li Tao has been to Europe.

　　2、謂語***predicate***:說明主語的動作、狀態和特徵

　　We study English. He is asleep.

　　3、表語***predicative***:系動詞之後的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態和特徵。

　　He is a teacher. ***名詞***

　　Seventy-four! You don’t look it. ***代詞***

　　Five and five is ten. ***數詞***

　　He is asleep. ***形容詞***

　　His father is in. ***副詞***

　　The picture is on the wall. ***介詞短語***

　　My watch is gone / missing / lost. ***形容詞化的分詞***

　　To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” ***不定式***

　　The question is whether they will come. ***表語從句***

　　常見的系動詞有: be, sound***聽起來***， look***看起來***， fee l***摸起來***，smell***聞起來***，taste***嘗、吃起來***， remain***保持，仍是***， feel***感覺*** ….

　　It sounds a good idea.

　　The sound sounds strange.

　　Her voice sounds sweet.

　　Tom looks thin.

　　The food smells delicious.

　　The food tastes good.

　　The door remains open.

　　Now I feel tired.

　　4、賓語：

　　1***動作的承受者——動賓

　　I like China. ***名詞***

　　He hates you. ***代詞***

　　How many do you need? We need two. ***數詞***

　　We should help the old and the poor.

　　I enjoy working with you. ***動名詞***

　　I hope to see you again. ***不定式***

　　Did you write down what he said? ***賓語從句***

　　2***介詞後的名詞、代詞和動名詞——介賓

　　Are you afraid of the snake?

　　Under the snow, there are many rocks.

　　3*** 雙賓語——間賓***指人***和直賓***指物***

　　He gave me a book yesterday.

　　Give the poor man some money.

　　5、賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。

　　We elected him monitor. ***名詞***

　　We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. ***名***

　　We will make them happy. ***形容詞***

　　We found nobody in. ***副詞***

　　Please make yourself at home. ***介詞短語***

　　Don’t let him do that. ***省to不定式***

　　His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. ***帶to不定式***

　　Don’t keep the lights burning. ***現在分詞***

　　I’ll have my bike repaired. ***過去分詞***

　　6、主補：對主語的補充。

　　He was elected monitor.

　　She was found singing in the next room.

　　He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

　　7、定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、片語或句子。

　　Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.***名詞***

　　He is our friend. ***代詞***

　　We belong to the third world. ***數詞***

　　He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.***形容詞***

　　The man over there is my old friend.***副詞***

　　The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ***介詞***

　　The boys playing football are in Cla2. ***現在分詞***

　　The trees planted last year are growing well now. ***過去分詞***

　　I have an idea to do it well. ***不定式***

　　You should do everything that I do. ***定語從句***

　　8、狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。

　　***以下例句按上述順序排列***

　　I will go there tomorrow.

　　The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.

　　The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

　　He studies hard to learn English well.

　　He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.

　　I like some of you very much.

　　If you study hard, you will pathe exam.

　　He goes to school by bike.

　　Though he is young, he can do it well.