形式賓語怎麼用
形式賓語是當不定式***短語***、動名詞***短語***或從句在某個句子中作賓語時,為保持句子結構平衡,避免句式結構的混亂,常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放在句尾。下面就讓小編來給你科普一下形式賓語的用法。
形式賓語的用法
下列四種情況須用it 作形式賓語:
① 當不定式***短語***、動名詞***短語***或從句在複合賓語結構中作某些動詞的賓語時***如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等***;
e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
***他們發現與我們中國人一起工作很愉快。***
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
***我覺得理解英語特別節目並不難。***
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
***他立志決不向別人借錢。***
I think it no need talking about it with them.
***我認為沒必要跟他們談。***
② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動詞,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接賓語從句;
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
***我不喜歡他那麼懶惰。***
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
***我討厭母親要我吃雞蛋。***
③ that引導的賓語從句不能直接作介詞的賓語;
e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
***儘管放心,我們會隨時幫你的。***
Would you see to it that she gets home early?
***你負責保證她早到家,好嗎?***
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
***他堅持說自己是無辜的。***
④ 由及物動詞與介片語成的固定搭配中,賓語從句若作該動詞的賓語時,須借用it。
e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
***我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。***
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
***多虧了你才沒有發生嚴重事故。***
幾種特殊的形式賓語
通常意義的形式賓語主要見於真正賓語為不定式、動名詞、從句等且其後跟有賓語補足語時的情形,即用於“動詞+it+賓語補足語+真正的賓語”這樣的結構,但以下幾類形式賓語卻比較特殊,其後沒有賓語補足語。
1.動詞+ it + that-從句
I like it that you came.你來了,我很高興。
I take it ***that*** he will come on time.我認為他會準時來的。
You can put it that it was arranged before.你可以說這是以前安排的。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign.據傳聞,國防部長不久就要辭職。
【注】能用於此結構的動詞不多,常見的有have, take, put, like等。
2.動詞+ it + when ***if***-從句
I dislike it when you whistle.我不愛聽你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她來幫忙了,我們十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那麼多工作,好就太好了。
【注】能用於此結構的動詞不多,常見的有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等。