四級考試選詞填空練習題

　　選詞填空是英語四級考試全面改革後的新題型，對考生的篇章閱讀能力有了更高的要求,為了幫助提高大家的選詞填空解題技巧。下面小編為大家帶來，供各位考生練習。

　　原文：

　　Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to coldcash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actionsand their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school.Cognitive*** 認識派的 *** researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain thatrewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.

　　The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use ofsmall __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properlypresented inducements*** 刺激 *** indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the JuneJournal of Personality and Social Psychology.

　　“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, theyshow the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating toomuch anticipation for rewards.

　　A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for__8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example ofthe latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and__9__ failing grades.

　　In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handlechallenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows__10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.