過去完成時的用法正確運用的方法

  過去完成時通常表述的是過去某一時刻前發生的動作或者存在的狀態,其用法你瞭解多少呢?以下是由小編整理關於過去完成時的用法的內容,希望大家喜歡!

  過去完成時的用法

  1、定義

  ①表示發生在過去的動作對過去晚些時候造成的影響或結果

  ②過去某一動作一直持續到過去晚些時候將來可能還要延續。

  句中的動作發生在過去之前***過去的過去***,即過去完成時動作發生在過去的過去。

  He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他說他已經去過北京兩次。***因為“說”said就是過去式,而去北京的動作發生在說said 的過去,所以用過完而不用現完。

  過去完成時常用的時間狀語有

  ***1***、by the end of last year. By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 new words.

  ***2***、By the time sb. +動詞過去式 The bus had already left by the time I got there.

  2、基本結構

  主語+had+過去分詞vpp.***done***

  ①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞.

  ②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞.

  ③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞?  肯定回答:Yes,主語+had.  否定回答:No,主語+had not . ④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或片語+一般疑問句***Had+主語+過去分詞***?

  ⑤被動語態:主語+had***hadn't***+been+過去分詞

  3、基本用法

  ***1***表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作,也可以說過去的時間關於過去的動作。即“過去的過去”。可以用by, before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句 ***在複合句中,由時間連線詞引導的狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句 ***來表示,也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示,還可能通過上下文來表示。例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

  ***2***表示由過去的某一時刻開始,一直延續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態,常和for, since構成的時間狀語連用。例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came./He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

  ***3***敘述過去發生的事情,在已敘述了過去發生的事情後,反過來追述或補述以前發生的動作時,常使用過去完成時。例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine./ I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

  ***4***在含有定語從句的主從複合句中,如果敘述的是過去的事,先發生的動作常用過去完成時。   例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed./ She found the key that she had lost.

  ***5***過去完成時常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞後的賓語從句***或間接引語***中,這時從句中的動作發生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。例如:He said that he had known her well./ I thought I had sent the letter a week before.

  ***6***狀語從句:在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在前,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引導的。例如:When I woke up, it had already stopped raining./ She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.

  注意:如果兩個動作緊接著發生,則常常不用過去完成時,特別是在包含before和after的複合句中,因為 這 時從句的動作和主句的動作發生的先後順序已經非常明確,這時可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。例如:After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

  ***7***動詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現的想法,希望,打算或意圖等。例如:They had wanted to help but could not get there in time./ We had hoped to be able to come and see you .

  ***8***過去完成時還可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first ***second, etc*** time ***that*** … 等固定句型中。例如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him./ No sooner had he arrived then he went away again./ It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.

  時間狀語before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than,yet,already等。

  3、過去完成時-語法判定

  A、由時間狀語來判定。一般說來,各種時態都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有:

  *** 1 *** by + 過去的時間點。如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

  *** 2 *** by the end of + 過去的時間點。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

  *** 3 *** before + 過去的時間點。如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

  B、由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”,是指過去某一動作之前已經發生或完成的動作,即動作有先後關係,動作在前的用過去完成時,在後的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現在:

  *** 1 ***賓語從句中,當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時,且從句的動作先於主句的動作時,從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。如:She said that she had seen the film before.

  *** 2 ***狀語從句中,在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中,主、從句的動作發生有先後關係,動作在前的,要用過去完成時,動作在後的要用一般過去時。如:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.   注意: before, after 引導的時間狀語從句中,由於 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先後關係,若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過去時。如:After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

  *** 3 ***表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

  C、根據上、下文來判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

  4、過去完成時-語法區別

  ***1***、過去完成時與現在完成時的區別

  現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去,以現在的時間為基點,但側重對現在產生的結果或造成的影響,與現在有關,其結構為“助動詞 have ***has*** + 過去分詞”;過去完成時則是一個相對的時態,以過去時間為基點,它所表示的動作不僅發生在過去,更強調“過去的過去”,只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時,才用到它。

  比較:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。

  I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時為止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。

  — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起,讓你久等了。

  — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什麼,我只等了幾分鐘。***“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續到現在***

  ***2***、過去完成時與一般過去時的區別

  雖然這兩種時態都表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,但在使用時應注意以下幾點:

  A. 時間狀語不同:過去完成時在時間上強調“過去的過去”;而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間。

  比較:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

  They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

  B. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標誌時,謂語動詞動作發生的時間先後須依據上下文來判斷:先發生的用過去完成時,後發生的則用一般過去時。She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.

  C. 當兩個或兩個以上接連發生的動作用 and 或 but 連線時,按時間順序,只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引導的從句中,由於這些連詞本身已經表示出時間的先後,因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

  如何正確運用過去完成時

  1. 正確運用過去完成時最重要的是要正確理解“過去的過去”。“過去的過去”是一個相對時間,即它相對於一個過去時間而言,並在其過去。這種相對的“過去的過去”有時通過一定的時間副詞***狀語***體現出來,有時則可能是通過一定的上下文來體現:

  I found the watch which I had lost.

  我找到了我丟失的表。

  The house was quiet. Everybody had gone to bed.

  屋子裡很安靜,大家都睡覺了。

  "Was Jack at the office?" "No, he’d gone home." “傑克在辦公室嗎?”“不在,回家了。”

  【注】有些通常與現在完成時連用的詞語,由於在一定的語境中,謂語動作移到了“過去的過去”,也應用過去完成時。比較:

  We haven’t seen each other since we left Paris.

  自從離開巴黎後我們一直沒見過面。

  I saw Mr Smith last Sunday. We hadn’t seen each other since we left Paris.

一般過去時的用法

  上週星期天我見到史密斯先生了,自從離開巴黎後我們還一直沒見過面。

  2. 表示過去未曾實現的想法

  過去完成時可表示過去未曾實現的想法和打算,通常連用的動詞是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等:

  I had meant to come, but something happened.

  我本想來,但有事就沒有來。

  I had intended to speak, but time did not permit.

  我本想發言,但時間不允許。

  We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didn’t.

  我們本想你來看我們的,但你沒有來。

正確運用過去完成時的方法