英語簡短文章

　　英語短文知識內容十分豐富,囊括語音、單詞、短語、句型、語法和結構佈局等。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

　　Parents and Pressure

　　父母與壓力

　　Students' pressure sometimes comes fromtheir parents. Most parents are well meaning, but some of them aren't veryhelpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in adjusting tocollege,and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to theirchildren's difficulties.

　　學生的壓力有時來自於父母。大多數的父母都是善意的，但是有些父母面對子女在適應大學生活中所碰到的問題時毫無幫助，少部分父母似乎不遺餘力地給他們的子女增添了困難。

　　For one thing, parents are often not awareof the kinds of problems their children face. They don't realize that thecompetition is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and thattheir children may not be prepared for the change. Accustomed to seeing A's andB's on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children's firstsemester college grades are below that level. At theire kindest, they maygently inquire/ enquire why John or Mary isn't doing better, whether he or sheis trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. At their worst, they maythreaten to take their children out of college, or cut off funds.

　　一方面，父母常常意識到他們的孩子所遇到的問題。他們沒有料想到競爭越來越激烈，工作的標準越來越高，他們的孩子或許還沒有準備好迎接這種改變。家長習慣於看到孩子在高中成績單上的A或B的分數，所以當孩子在大學第一學期的成績低於原來的分數時，他們或許會感到不安。最好的情況是，他們或許會溫柔地詢問為什麼約翰或瑪麗沒有做得更好，他***她***是否足夠努力了，等等。最糟的情況是，他們或許會威脅讓孩子退學或是切斷他們的收入。

　　Sometimes parents regard their children asextensions of themselves and think it only right and natural that theydetermine what their children do with their children, they forget that everyoneis different and that each person must develop in his or her own way. Theyforget that their children, who are now young adults, must be the onesresponsible for what they do and what they are.

　　有時父母會把孩子視為自身的延續，認為由他們來決定孩子該如何生活是理所應當和自然而然的事情。他們和孩子緊密聯絡，視為一體，因而忘了人與人其實各不相同，每個人都應該按照自己的方式發展。他們忘了他們的孩子已經是成年人，應該對自己的所作所為以及他們是誰而負責。

　　The Growth of City

　　城市的發展

　　More and more of the world's population areliving in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the lessdeveloped countries is alarming. Between 1920 and 1960, big cities in developedcountries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of theworld the growth was eight times their size.

　　世界上越來越多的人居住在城鎮或都市裡。在次發達國家中，城市的擴張速度是值得關注的。在1920至1960年間，發達國家大城市的規模增加了兩倍半，但是在世界其他地方，城市的規模相當於原來的8倍。

　　The sheer size of growth is bad enough, butthere are now also very disturbing signs of trouble in the comparison ofpercentages of people living in towns and percentages of people working inindustry. During the 19th century, cities grew as a result of the growth ofindustry. In Europe, the proportion of people living in cities was alwayssmaller than that of the workforce working in factories. Now, however, thereverse is almost always true in the newly industrialized world; The percentageof people living in cities is much higher than the percentage woking inindustry.

　　僅僅就城市增長的規模而言已經夠糟的了，但是倘若把居住在城鎮和都市的人口的比例和從事工業人口的比例進行比較的話，現在也出現了非常讓人不安的跡象。在19世紀，作為工業發展的產物，城市也隨之擴張。在歐洲，居住在城市人口的比例總是比在工廠中工作的勞動力的比例要小。然而，在新興的工業化地區，情況幾乎總是相反的——在城市居住的人口比例要遠遠高於工廠中勞動人口的比例。

　　Without a base of people working inindustry, these cities cannot pay for their growth. There is not enough moneyto build adequate houses for the people that live there, let alone the newarrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or otherfacilities. So the figures for the growth of towns and cities representproportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the numberof hopeless and despairing parents ans starving children.

　　沒有從事工業的勞動力基礎，這些城市就無法償付它們的擴張。它們將缺乏為在那兒生活的居民建造足夠住所的資金，更不必說滿足後來者的居住了。它們將很難有機會修建供水系統和其他設施。城鎮和都市擴張的數字代表著失業和未充分就業增加的比例，代表著越來越多的失望的、沮喪的父母和飢腸轆轆的兒童。

　　What Is Wellness?

　　健康是什麼?

　　The field of medicine has not traditionallydistinguished between someone who is merely "not ill"and someone whois in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Bothtypes have simply been called "well". In rencent years, however, somehealth specialistshave begun to apply the terms "well" and"wellness" only to those who are actively striving tomaintain andimprove their health.

　　對於僅僅是“沒有生病”和身體非常健康、非常注意身體特殊需求的兩種人，傳統醫學並沒有嚴格區分。這兩種人都被簡單定義為“身體健康”。然而近些年來，一些醫學專家開始認為，只有那些主動維持和改善其身體狀態的人才稱得上“身體好”和“健康”。

　　People who are well are concerned withnutrition and exercise, and they make a point ofmonitoring their body'scondition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well takeactiveresponsiblity for matters related to their health. Even people who have aphysical diseaseor handicap may be "well", in this new sense, ifthey make an effort to maintain the best possiblehealth they can in the faceof their physical limitations.

　　健康的人非常關注營養均衡以及運動，他們非常重視監控自己的身體狀況。最重要的可能是健康的人主動承擔起改善自己身體狀況的所有責任。在這種意義上，只要他們能在他們現有的身體限制條件下儘可能地保持最好的狀態，即使是一個有著生理疾病或缺陷的人都可能是“健康”的。

　　"Wellness" may perhaps best beviewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an idealthat people canstrive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist diseaseand tofight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy waysof living, the concept ofwellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways inwhich people face the challenges of dailylife.

　　對“健康”的最佳理解可能不是人們能達到的一種狀態，而是人們能追求的一個理想。健康的人更有可能預防疾病和在疾病發作時戰勝它。通過關注健康的生活方式，健康的新概念還能對人們如何面對日常生活的挑戰產生積極的影響。

　　How to Motivate Workers?

　　8.如何激勵員工?

　　It is logical to suppose that things likegood labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and jobsecurity motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg argued that suchconditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers.

　　人們會邏輯推斷某些有利的因素，例如良好的勞資關係，優越的工作條件，豐厚的工資和津貼以及職業安全感都會激發工人的工作動力，但是專家雷德里克·赫茲伯格則斷言這些條件並沒有成為工人工作的驅動力。它們只不過使其獲得滿足罷了。

　　Motivators, in contrast, include thingssuch as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition andresponsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics,there're always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots ofunskilled people who have to do them.

　　相反，激勵機制包括了擁有一份既富有挑戰又有趣的工作、認同與責任等。然而，即使計算機和機器人技術獲得了發展，仍然存在大量無聊、重複和機械性的工作，而大量缺乏技能的人群不得不從事此類工作。

　　So how do managers motivate people iin suchjobs? One solution is to give them some responsiblities, not as individuals,but as a part of a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office stuff topeople who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the check out into ateam, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and soon.

　　因此，經理人如何激勵從事這類工作的員工呢?解決方法之一是賦予他們某種責任，這種責任不是作為個體而言，而是將其視為某個集體中的一部分。例如，有些超市將辦公室人員和理貨員、收銀員合在一起組成了工作團隊，讓他們決定要上什麼樣的產品線，以及如何展示它們等等。

　　Many people now talk about the importanceof a company's shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify,for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the mostuser-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field.

　　現在許多人在談論所有員工都認可的企業價值和文化的重要性。例如，成為最佳連鎖酒店或做得做好，使用者介面最友好的，或者成為某一特定領域最值得信賴的產品。

　　Such values are more likely to motivateworkers than ffinancial targets which automatically only concern a few people.Unfortunately, there's only a limited number of such goals to go around and bydefinition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously planto be the best.

　　這些價值比僅僅與一小部分人有關的經濟目標更有可能激勵員工。不幸的是，這樣的目標設定有限，確切地說，並不是某一行業中所有的競爭企業都能制定出最佳計劃。