解析英語四級寫作中的垂懸結構現象

  1、垂懸結構不定式。To make friends, honesty is important.句中不定式短語To make friends 的主語應該是人,而主句的主語是honesty,兩者不一致,構成了垂懸結構。有三種改正方法:(1) 將不定式短語改成相應的狀語從句,可更正為:If onewants to make friends, honesty is important. (2) 對主句做必要改動,使句子的主語與不定式短語的邏輯主語一致,可更正為:To make friends, one must be honest. (3) 給不定式短語加上自己的邏輯主語,可更正為:For one to make friends, honestyis important.
  2、垂懸結構分詞。Spreading to the left, he jumped downfrom the armchair. 根據此句話的意思,分詞短語的隱含邏輯主語應該是the fire,而句子的主語是he,兩者不一致,構成了垂懸結構。有兩種改正方法:(1)給分詞短語帶上一個自己的邏輯主語,使之成為一個獨立主格結構,可更正為,The firespreading to the left, he jumped down from the armchair. (2)將分詞短語改成相應的狀語從句,可更正為:As/ When the firespread to the left, he jumped down from the armchair.
  3、垂懸結構動名詞。In running down the stairs, the clockstruck twelve. 根據此句話的意思,句中“介詞+動名詞”這種介詞片語在句中作狀語,動名詞短語running down the stairs 的邏輯主語應該是人,而句子的主語是the clock,兩者不一致,構成了垂懸結構。有兩種改正方法:(1)對主句做必要改動,使句子的主語與動名詞短語的邏輯主語一致,可更正為:Inrunning down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve. (2) 給動名詞短語加上自己的邏輯主語,可更正為:In my runningdown the stairs, the clock struck twelve.
  4、垂懸結構介詞短語。A t the age of ten, my father beganto teach me Japanese.根據句子的正常意思,應該是我10歲的時候,而不是父親10 歲的時候,故at the age of ten 的邏輯主語應該是I , 而主句的主語是my father, 構成了垂懸結構。需將介詞短語改成相應的狀語從句,可更正為:When Iwas ten years old, my father began to teach me Japanese.