自夏口至鸚鵡洲夕望岳陽寄源中丞

霍夫曼(1776～1822年)

Hoffmann,E(rnst) T(heodor) A(madeus)，原名Ernst Theodor Wilhelm。

德國作家和作曲家，德國浪漫主義的主要人物。最初為司法官員（在他的許多小說裡可以明顯看到理想的藝術世界和日常的官僚生活之間的矛盾），後來轉向寫作和音樂，這兩項是他常常追求的。故事集《卡羅特式的幻想篇》（1814～1815）建立了他作家的聲望。後期的暢銷書《夜間偶成》（1817）和《謝拉皮翁兄弟》（1819～1821），把豐富的想像力和對人性的鮮明描述結合在一起。他還是樂隊指揮、音樂評論家以及劇院的音樂指導。他初期的許多音樂作品裡，最成功的是芭蕾舞劇《曙光女神》（1811）和歌劇《水中仙女》（1816年首演）。四十六歲時死於全身癱瘓。他的故事激勵了奧芬巴赫（《霍夫曼的故事》）、德利伯（《葛蓓莉亞》）、柴可夫斯基（《胡桃鉗》）和亨德密特（《卡爾迪拉克》）等人寫出著名的歌劇和芭蕾舞劇。

English version：

1776～1822年

Hoffmann,E(rnst) T(heodor) A(madeus)

German writer and composer,a major figure of German Romanticism. He initially supported himself as a legal official (the conflict between the ideal world of art and daily bureaucratic life is evident in many of his stories),and later turned to writing and music,which he often pursued simultaneously. His story collection Fantasy Pieces in the Style of Callot (1814-15) established his reputation as a writer. His later popular collections Hoffmann's Strange Stories (1817) and The Serapion Brethren (1819-21) combine wild flights of imagination with vivid examinations of human character. He also worked as a conductor,music critic,and theatrical musical director. The most successful of his many original musical works were the ballet Arlequin (1811) and the opera Undine (performed 1816). He died at 46 of progressive paralysis. His stories inspired notable operas and ballets by J. Offenbach (Tales of Hoffmann),L. Delibes (Coppélia),P. Tchaikovsky (The Nutcracker),and P. Hindemith (Cardillac).

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