辛普森

拜巴爾斯一世(1223～1277年)

Baybars I，亦作Baibars I。

最著名的馬木路克王朝蘇丹（參閱Mamluk regime）。他是欽察土耳其人，1240年代蒙古人入侵後被賣為奴。最後替埃及阿尤布王朝的蘇丹服務，蘇丹把他送去接受軍事訓練。1250年他的軍隊捕獲了率領十字軍的法國國王路易九世，同年，他與其他一些馬木路克軍官謀殺了阿尤布王朝的末代蘇丹。1260年他謀殺了第三代馬木路克蘇丹後自立為王。即位後著手重建所有被蒙古人摧毀的敘利亞城堡要塞，並整建蘇丹王國的軍備。他奪取了十字軍所佔領的地區，以後十字軍再也沒有收復過失地。他騷擾掠奪波斯境內的蒙古人，攻擊他們的盟友基督教亞美尼亞人，還偽裝與金帳汗國的蒙古人聯盟來反對他們。他將軍事遠征延伸到努比亞和利比亞。他與亞拉岡的詹姆斯一世、萊昂和卡斯提爾的阿方索十世、安茹的查理以及拜占庭帝國皇帝維持良好的外交關係。在國內，他開鑿運河，並在開羅修建一座以其名字命名的大清真寺，在開羅與大馬士革之間建立一套有效的郵遞服務。最後因誤飲一杯準備毒死別人的酒而過世。

English version：

1223～1277年

Baybars I

Most eminent Mamluk sultan (see Mamluk regime). A Kipchak Turk,he was sold as a slave after a Mongol invasion in the 1240s. He ended up in the service of the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt (see Ayyubid dynasty),who gave him military training. In 1250 his army captured the crusader king Louis IX,and he and other Mamluk officers murdered the last Ayyubid sultan. He himself took the throne in 1260,when he murdered the third Mamluk sultan. As sultan he rebuilt the Syrian fortresses that had been destroyed by the Mongols and built up the sultanate's armaments. He seized territory from the crusaders that they were never to recover. He harried the Persian Mongols,attacking their allies,the Christian Armenians,and forging an alliance with the Mongols of the Golden Horde against them. He sent military expeditions into Nubia and Libya. He had diplomatic relations with James I of Aragon,Alfonso X of León and Castile,and Charles of Anjou,as well as with the Byzantine emperor. At home he built canals and the great mosque in Cairo that bears his name,and established efficient postal service between Cairo and Damascus. He died after drinking poison prepared for someone else.