託福綜合寫作考試高分必備

  很多初次接觸托福考試的學生總是非常擔心寫作的綜合寫作部分,也就是我們說的小作文。他們常提出這樣的疑問:“怎麼考得這麼變態啊?讀了又聽再寫!”其實大家完全不必為此如此焦慮,等看完下面的文章,讀完下面的四大必殺技,我相信你一定會豁然開朗!

  首先,summarize,也就是概括閱讀和聽力文章的主要內容和各三個分論點。這其實就是 Introduction要寫的內容,掌握了概括,第一段就不成問題咯!

  其次,Paraphrase,也就是改寫。掌握好了改寫句子,你寫起文章來將會感覺到如魚得水,遊刃有餘。 改寫其實主要有下面的兩種方法:

  第一,使用不同的詞彙

  a.使用同義詞,比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞彙的同義詞,你一定要掌握,出現的尤為頻繁。

  important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,

  think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out

  nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these days

  b.改變詞性,這是一種稍微難一些的方法,要求你的語法基礎非常好,你才能靈活自如的運用。

  n. → v.

  Eg:When we look at a comparison between Aand B…

  When we compare A and B…

  Adj. → n.

  There are a variety of solutions to the problem.

  There are various solutions to the problem.

  c. 使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在文章當中的使用相當頻繁,不僅是段落和段落的連線,還包括句子和句子的連線。背住一些常用的承接詞比你的改寫將會有極大的作用。

  because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for

  but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas

  so→ therefore, hence, thus, consequently

  d.形容詞的逆向表達。在某些形容詞上進行修改,會達到非比尋常的效果。

  Eg: not as easyas…→more difficult than…

  Not uncommon→common

  Thecheapest → the least expensive

  第二,使用不同的句型

  a. 改變詞序。這是非常簡單的一種方法,完全不用動腦筋就可以進行改寫。常常將句子中的狀語***包括狀語從句***換位置。

  Eg: For manyyears, people have believed ….

  →People believed… for many years.

  After this programs has been solved, work on … can continue.

  b. 主動語態和被動語態的互相替換Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.

  →This research was performed by trained scientists.

  c. 使用“there be” 句型,可以將一個簡單句,馬上變成一個加入定語從句或者分詞的複雜句。Eg: Severalcomputer programs can be used to solve this problem.

  →There areseveral computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或There areseveral computer programs used to solve this problem.

  d.定語從句,分詞和插入語的互相替換

  Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…

  →Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…

  Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in theworld, has…

  →This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…

  接下來,Cite,即引用。綜合寫作乃客觀寫作,只是一個旁觀者的角度對這兩篇文章的內容進行描述,因此,某觀點是出自哪篇文章一定要說清楚。所以,下面的這些句型在綜合寫作中必不可缺。

  a.According to+noun.

  Eg: According to thepassage/lecture/author/professor,…

  b.Subject+verbs of reporting+that clause

  Eg: The authortells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/pointsout/thinks/believes that…

  或The speakeragrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….

  c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in thepassage/lecture,...

  最後,Synthesize,也就是連線。具體來講,就是承接詞的使用是相當重要的,將文章當中的重要資訊連線起來,體現作者對於兩篇文章的理解正確,說明作者的思路清楚。由於綜合寫作是對兩篇文章的比較,所以下面表對比和遞進的承接詞使用的最頻繁。

  a.Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand,in contrast, on the contrary

  b.Transitional words showingaddition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well

  現在,是不是感覺清晰很多了呢?也沒有那麼懼怕綜合寫作了呢?我相信,只要你掌握了上述四大技巧,綜合寫作對你來說將不再是個難以跨越的關口。