大學四級英語寫作高分攻略
每次四、六級都有人考得很痛苦,每道題的答案都不確定,在考場上一邊塗答題卡一邊反覆問自己:“我這是在幹什麼?”小編在此獻上大學英語四六級備考經驗,希望對大家有所幫助。
四級作文從結構上看,一般由三部分組成:引言部分、展開部分、結尾部分,而且每段往往只有一個主題,段中各支援句圍繞主題展開,論證並服務於主題句。整篇文章也是層層推進,環環相扣。 由此可見,考試中只要遵循了這一原則,獲得高分並不困難,但事實並非如此。探究其因,主要有兩個方面:一是錯誤太多,這裡提到的錯誤既包括語法錯誤***例如:時態、冠詞、主謂一致、名詞單複數等***,也包括拼寫、標點錯誤;二是考生使用的詞彙和句型過於單一,整篇文章沒有亮點。
針對上述問題,為了在考試中取得高分,我們應注意以下幾個方面:
表達方式多樣化***包括句子結構、型別以及使用的詞彙***
1. “結構詞”的多樣化。
***1*** 敘述正反方各自觀點或是講述對某一個問題的看法時,可用first、second、third等來表示,這樣可以使文章結構清晰,給人一目瞭然的感覺。
***2*** 舉例說明時可用for example、for instance、to illustrate 表示。
***3*** 進一步闡述觀點或說明問題時可用furthermore、in addition、moreover表示。
***4*** 突出某一點的重要性時,可用surely、truly、undoubtedly、clearly、indeed、as a matter of fact表達。
***5*** 歸納總結時,可以使用therefore、in summary、consequently、in conclusion、in short引出結論。
***6*** 分析因果時可用because、due to、so that、as a result來表示主從句之間的邏輯關係。
***7*** 表示轉折時,可以使用but、however、nevertheless、otherwise等,而on the one hand、on the other hand、on one side of the coin、on the other side of the coin則可用來連線兩個相反的事實或觀點。
2. 文章詞彙的多樣化。
同一詞語在一句話、一個段落甚至整篇文章中最好不要重複出現,儘可能用同義詞、近義詞替換。例如:think可以用reckon、assume、argue、believe、suppose等詞來替換。
3. 句型的多樣化。
***1*** 使用一些固定句型,例如:強調句、there be句型等。此外,在保證正確的前提下,儘量多使用一些複合句。
***2*** 除了使用比較熟悉的陳述句和疑問句外,還可以使用反問句來加強語氣;用感嘆句來表示譏諷;用類比來增加句子的份量。儘管句子多變,但必須遵循一個原則,即解釋說明文章的觀點和主題。
***3*** 句型也應富於變化,不要拘泥於主謂賓句型,可以使用過去分詞和現在分詞短語作狀語、不定式短語作狀語、狀語從句、虛擬語氣、獨立主格和非謂語動詞等。
4. 文章檢查。
檢查的第一步主要集中在語法上,主要注意以下方面:
***1*** 句子是否有謂語動詞。
***2*** 謂語時態、語態是否正確。
***3*** 主謂是否一致。
***4*** 代詞與其指代的事物是否一致。
***5*** 標點符號是否正確。
檢查第二步應注意句子的表達:
***1*** 句子所表達的意思是否準確,儘量使用地道表達方式,避免中式表達。
***2*** 上下文之間的邏輯銜接是否通順、緊密。
***3*** 所舉例子能否能夠說明觀點、主題。
檢查的第三步主要是通讀一遍,注意一下拼寫是否正確。
除上述幾點之外,要想在考試中取得好成績,考生平時還需要多讀、多背、多寫、多改。俗話說:“熟讀唐詩三百首,不會做詩也能吟。”所以,考生應大量積累經典英文句型、表達和範文,平時勤於背誦,背完經典範文後,進行默寫,然後對照原文糾錯,搞清楚哪裡出了問題。這可以幫助學生改正一些小錯誤,如拼寫、單複數、大小寫等。與此同時,學生還需要模仿範文寫作新的文章,套用範文的精彩詞彙、句型、句子和框架。最初套用時可能比較生硬,但隨著不斷的積累,組合起來會越來越順手。 我們相信,只要我們注意上述問題,平時多加練習,考試得高分不是一個夢。
考生如何快速把握閱讀文章的主題
儘管主旨題已經不再是四級閱讀的必考題型,但能夠準確的把握文章的主題對解決其他各種題型還是大有裨益的。尤其是近年來大量增加的觀點題和推理概括題,其答案的設計跟文章的主題有著密切的關係。
主題就是一篇文章的根本,就測試學來看,依據一篇文章來出的題目都是圍繞著主題進行設計,所以把握住了文章的主題就找到了破解各題的大方向。如何才能快速準確地找到文章的主題呢?
要想找到文章的主題,必須先了解四級文章的結構特點。四級的文章按結構可以分成兩大類:總分結構和觀點分述結構。從考試操作層面來看,最簡單的方法就是根據段落的數量來劃分——五段以內的***包括五段***基本都是總分結構;大於五段的基本可按觀點分述結構來處理。
如何把握總分結構文章的主題?總分結構文章的佈局如下:總述***提出觀點***→分述***論述觀點***→總述***強調觀點***。總分結構文章的主題一般都在文章的首段。如果首段出現轉折詞,主題往往是首段轉折句;如果首段沒有明顯的轉折,則主題往往是首段首句。如果首段無轉折,且只是描述某種現象,則需要關注文章的二段或三段,這時候文章的主題很可能是二段或三段段首的轉折句。例如:
why does cream go bad faster than butter? some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.
cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. both are emulsions—tiny globules ***小球體*** of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. the difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says brocklehurst, who led the investigation.
in cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. in butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. the bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “this means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.
when the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments ***隔倉室*** buried deep in the sea of fat. trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients ***養料***。 they also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “in butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says brocklehurst.
the researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food’s structure. brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. the key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.
這篇文章一共五段,可以按總分結構來提取主題,其首段無轉折詞,但段首句是問句,一般來說如果段首出現問句,後面的內容就是在對其作答。所以這篇文章的主題就是在解釋cream比butter壞得快的原因就是他們的內部結構不同。這篇文章沒有專門考主旨題,但考了一個觀點題
according to brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by ________.
a*** removing its fat
b*** killing the bacteria
c*** reducing its water content
d*** altering its structure***d***
結合文章的主題我們不難猜出答案應該跟食物的結構有關,所以應該選d項。
如何把握觀點分述結構文章的主題?觀點分述結構的文章包括以下幾個部分:現象1***觀點1***→理由***解釋現象1或觀點1***→反對理由→結論***現象2或觀點2***。對於觀點分述型文章,找主題有兩種方法:一種是首段觀點+末段觀點***如果後面段落的段首出現轉折詞,則否定首段觀點,肯定末段觀點***;另一種方法是直接看後半部分段落開頭的轉折句。例如:
believe it or not, optical illusion ***錯覺*** can cut highway crashes.
japan is a case in point. it has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. bent stripes, called chevrons ***人字形***, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
now the american automobile association foundation for traffic safety in washington d.c. is planning to repeat japan’s success. starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. to help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest—curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. however, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. the result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
這篇文章一共6段,應該按觀點分述型文章來找主題。即首段觀點+末段觀點。所以該片文章的主題是optical illusion ***錯覺*** can cut highway crashes,而這種optical illusion ***錯覺***來自一種新的路面設計chevrons,這種設計可以讓駕駛員自動減速從而減少高速公路上的交通事故。這篇文章考到了主旨題:
the passage mainly discusses ________.
a*** a new way of highway speed control
b*** a new pattern for painting highways
c*** a new approach to training drivers
d*** a new type of optical illusion
根據文章主題,答案應該是選a。