怎樣回答四級閱讀理解中的詞彙問題
關於詞彙問題(Vocabu1ary)
詞彙(Vocabulary)是四級閱讀理解測試中非常重要的一項。詞彙類其實也是就細節進行提問,所不同的是這是唯一關於詞或片語的練習專案,詞彙題往往要求對文章中的某個單詞、短語甚至句子等找出近義詞或最合適的解釋。解答這類題需要學生擁有較大的詞彙量。可是,單詞記憶似乎已成為學生普遍反映最頭痛的難題。閱讀理解中詞彙類問題的常見提問方式有下列幾種:
***1***According to the author ,the word "…"means_______.
***2***Which of the following is nearest in meaning to "…"?
***3***The term ".."in paragraph… can be best replaced by ….
***4***What’s the meaning of "…"in line …of paragraph….?
***5***As used in the line …, the word "…"refers to _______.
一般來說,在文章的閱讀中解決釋義的最鄧辦法是猜測詞義。猜測詞義也需要一定的技巧,可以通過1***上下文間意義的聯絡;2)同義關係,反義關係;3)詞的定義;4)對詞的解釋和舉例;5)構詞法知識猜測詞義。
1. 利用上下文詞語意義的互相聯絡猜測詞義
Example :
The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks .They go from island to island in these light marrow boats and collect turtles’ eggs
我們從上下文中可以得出以下資訊:"canoes"是一種漁夫用樹木做的、來回於島嶼之間的、輕狹長的、類似於小船之類的東西。儘管我們可能還不能肯定它的確切解釋,但這一生詞已經不會影響我們的閱讀和理解了。
Example :
Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people .
"Jogging"的意思通過"a good exercise for old people "可以推斷出是一種適合老年人的劇烈的運動方式。
2. 利用文章中詞與詞的同義和反義關係猜測詞義
Example :
If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something
在文章中可以很容易地判斷出"witnesss"的同義關係詞是"seen",因此"witness"就是看見的意思。
Example :
In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry .
顯然,冬天和夏天的氣候是截然相反的,它們的修飾詞的意思也應該截然相反。"cold"與"hot"對應,"humid"與"dry"對應。因此,"humid"是"潮溼" 意思。
3. 利用文章中對詞的定義猜測詞義
Example:
Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect shells.
Conchologists的意思可以根據該詞後面的同位解釋"people who collect shells"理解為收集貝殼的人或貝殼收藏家。
Example :
Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.
"florist" 的意思就是其後定語從句"who keeps a shop for selling flowers 所描述的"擁有一家專門賣花的商店的人",即"花店主"
4. 利用文章中對詞的舉例及解釋猜 測詞義
Example :
Today young couples who are just starting their households of ten spend lots of their money on appliances ,for instance ,washing machines , refrigerators and color TVs.
通過所舉的例子(washing machines ,refrigerators and color TVs)
可以看出,"appliances" 應是這些名詞的總稱,即"家用電器"。
Example :
Finally the enemy surrendered .They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads
通過後一句對"surrendered"的解釋:扔掉武器(throw down their weapons ),舉起雙手(with their hands over heads )可知其意是"投降"
5. 利用構詞法知識(字首和字尾)猜測詞義
Example :
They overestimate the interviewee’s ability and asked him many difficult questions
"estimate"是"估計"的意思,"over-"是字首,意為"過分,過度,超 過"等,因此"overestimate"就是"高估"的意思 。
Example :
We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel .That was why we had to pay so much for it .
"spacious"是由"space***名詞,空間***"+"+-ious***形容詞字尾 "變化而來的,因此,可猜測其詞義為"寬敞"。
各種各樣的前、字尾可以構成名詞、形容詞、動詞、副詞等,這些詞綴需要平時不斷地積累和記憶。掌握構詞法知識是擴大詞彙量和猜測生詞詞義的最佳辦法。。
詞彙(Vocabulary)是四級閱讀理解測試中非常重要的一項。詞彙類其實也是就細節進行提問,所不同的是這是唯一關於詞或片語的練習專案,詞彙題往往要求對文章中的某個單詞、短語甚至句子等找出近義詞或最合適的解釋。解答這類題需要學生擁有較大的詞彙量。可是,單詞記憶似乎已成為學生普遍反映最頭痛的難題。閱讀理解中詞彙類問題的常見提問方式有下列幾種:
***1***According to the author ,the word "…"means_______.
***2***Which of the following is nearest in meaning to "…"?
***4***What’s the meaning of "…"in line …of paragraph….?
***5***As used in the line …, the word "…"refers to _______.
一般來說,在文章的閱讀中解決釋義的最鄧辦法是猜測詞義。猜測詞義也需要一定的技巧,可以通過1***上下文間意義的聯絡;2)同義關係,反義關係;3)詞的定義;4)對詞的解釋和舉例;5)構詞法知識猜測詞義。
1. 利用上下文詞語意義的互相聯絡猜測詞義
The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks .They go from island to island in these light marrow boats and collect turtles’ eggs
我們從上下文中可以得出以下資訊:"canoes"是一種漁夫用樹木做的、來回於島嶼之間的、輕狹長的、類似於小船之類的東西。儘管我們可能還不能肯定它的確切解釋,但這一生詞已經不會影響我們的閱讀和理解了。
Example :
Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people .
"Jogging"的意思通過"a good exercise for old people "可以推斷出是一種適合老年人的劇烈的運動方式。
2. 利用文章中詞與詞的同義和反義關係猜測詞義
Example :
If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something
在文章中可以很容易地判斷出"witnesss"的同義關係詞是"seen",因此"witness"就是看見的意思。
Example :
In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry .
顯然,冬天和夏天的氣候是截然相反的,它們的修飾詞的意思也應該截然相反。"cold"與"hot"對應,"humid"與"dry"對應。因此,"humid"是"潮溼" 意思。
3. 利用文章中對詞的定義猜測詞義
Example:
Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect shells.
Conchologists的意思可以根據該詞後面的同位解釋"people who collect shells"理解為收集貝殼的人或貝殼收藏家。
Example :
Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.
"florist" 的意思就是其後定語從句"who keeps a shop for selling flowers 所描述的"擁有一家專門賣花的商店的人",即"花店主"
4. 利用文章中對詞的舉例及解釋猜 測詞義
Example :
Today young couples who are just starting their households of ten spend lots of their money on appliances ,for instance ,washing machines , refrigerators and color TVs.
通過所舉的例子(washing machines ,refrigerators and color TVs)
可以看出,"appliances" 應是這些名詞的總稱,即"家用電器"。
Example :
Finally the enemy surrendered .They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads
通過後一句對"surrendered"的解釋:扔掉武器(throw down their weapons ),舉起雙手(with their hands over heads )可知其意是"投降"
5. 利用構詞法知識(字首和字尾)猜測詞義
Example :
They overestimate the interviewee’s ability and asked him many difficult questions
"estimate"是"估計"的意思,"over-"是字首,意為"過分,過度,超 過"等,因此"overestimate"就是"高估"的意思 。
Example :
We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel .That was why we had to pay so much for it .
"spacious"是由"space***名詞,空間***"+"+-ious***形容詞字尾 "變化而來的,因此,可猜測其詞義為"寬敞"。
各種各樣的前、字尾可以構成名詞、形容詞、動詞、副詞等,這些詞綴需要平時不斷地積累和記憶。掌握構詞法知識是擴大詞彙量和猜測生詞詞義的最佳辦法。。
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