英語基礎知識大全_入門知識整理

  我們從小學就開始學習英語,然而很多人卻仍學不好,所以英語基礎知識紮實不紮實很重要,今天小編在這裡為大家分享英語基礎知識大全,歡迎大家閱讀!

  英語基礎知識:冠詞 a / an 的用法

  a用於子音音素前 a useful book, a university, a “u”

  Once a week have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ rest have a cold/ headache / fever /cough have a good time have a try in a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walk in a minute in a word in a short while

  an則用於母音音素前 an hour, an honest boy , an “A E F H I L M N O R S X”

  keep an eye on

  英語基礎知識:定冠詞the的用法

  1***特指雙方都明白的人或物: Give me the book.

  2***上文提到過的人或事: ---Do you know the lady in blue? –Yes, she is a teacher of a university.

  3***指世上獨一物二的事物the sun *** sky / moon/ earth/ world/ nature/ universe ***

  4***單數名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元; The lion is a wild animal.或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible

  5***用在序數詞和形容詞最高階,及形容詞only,very, same等前面:I live on the second floor.

  6***用在表示身體部位的名詞前: She caught me by the arm.

  7***用在表示樂器和表方位的名詞之前:  She plays the piano \violin \ guitar in the north of China

  8***用在普通名詞構成專有名詞前: the People's Republic of China  the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace

  9*** 用在姓氏的複數名詞之前,表示一家人:the Greens are playing the piano.

  10*** in the day, in the morning ***afternoon,evening***,in the middle ***of***,in the end, all the time at the same time on the whole,by the way,go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty-first century on the other side of at the moment the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky ***water,field,country***in the dark, in the rain,

  英語基礎知識:不用定冠詞的情況

  1*** 國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:China , Europe 歐洲 Lei Feng 雷鋒

  2***物質名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞;當表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。

  3***在季節、月份、節日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day

  4***在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞; He is captain of the team.

  5***在三餐、四季,球類運動、學科、娛樂運動的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast /supper / lunch,play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter

  6***當by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞;by bus/ train/ taxi/ bus/ ship

  7***Day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV at school / work / home at first/ last in danger in trouble on foot on duty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on TV at town

  部分片語有無冠詞的區別

  in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在醫院裡

  in front of 在---的前面in the front of 在----內部的前面

  go to school 上學go to the school 到學校去

  a number of = a lot of 許多,謂語動詞用複數。

  The number of ----的數目,----的總數, 謂語動詞用單數***第三人稱單數***

  英語基礎知識:名詞

  可數名詞的單數變複數①一般情況加s ②以s, x sh ch,等結尾的詞加-es  bus-buses watch-watches ③以o 結尾的名詞,無生命的加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos有生命的es,如:potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes ④以f或fe 結尾的名詞,去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolves wife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves ***加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofs safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;***⑤以子音字母+y結尾的詞,變y為i,再加es  baby---babies ⑥不規則:a. 單複數形式一樣。Sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese. People, police, scissors, trousers b. 其他的。foot—feet tooth---teeth child—children mouse---mice man---men woman---women businessman ---businessmen

  German---Germans women doctors

  集體名詞: People, police,***一般表示一個整體,謂用複數*** class, family, glasses

  英語基礎知識:不可數名詞

  常見的不可數名詞有:information, news, room ***空間***, work, work, weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meat

  ① A little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of 常修飾不可數名詞.

  ② 不可數名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數。

  ③ 如果用and連線兩個不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。Time and money are-

  ④ A cup\ glass \bottle \box \ kilo \ group \ crowd \ class \ pair of

  Two and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of

  名詞所有格 在英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關係,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下:

  1*** 單數名詞詞尾加"'s",複數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加" 's ",如the boy's bag,men's room Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day

  2*** 若名詞已有複數詞尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:Teachers’ Day ladies’room twenty minutes’ walk

  3*** 凡不能加"'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關係,如:the title of the song 歌的名字; A picture of family; a map of China

  4*** 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的後面常常不出現它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber's 理髮店。

  5*** 如果兩個名詞並列,並且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。John's and Mary's room***兩間***  John and Mary's room***一間***

  6*** 複合名詞或短語,'s 加在最後一個詞的詞尾。 如:a month or two's absence

  7***雙重所有格 a friend of mine / hers / his / theirs a friend of Mary’s mother’s

  英語基礎知識:代詞

  1、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞

  I—me—my—mine—myself you —you—your—yourself ***yourselves***

  he—him—his—his—himself she—her—her—hers—herself

  it—it—its—its—itself we—us—our—ours—ourselves

  they—them—their—theirs—themselves

  人稱順序you, he, she, I ; we, you, they

  主格作主語;賓格作賓語,動詞和介詞之後通常作賓格;形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨使用,通常放在名詞之前;名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,“of+名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬關係。A friend of mine我的一位朋友; teacher of hers 她的老師

  英語基礎知識:代詞it 的用法

  ①指代前面提到過的事物。 ②表天氣。 ③表距離。

  ④指嬰兒和不明身份的人。 ---John, someone in your class phoned you this morning. ---Oh, who was it?

  ⑤用作形式主語。

  It’s kind / good / nice /clever /polite / foolish of sb. to do sth.

  It’s important / necessary / possible / easy / difficult for sb to do sth,

  It’s time to get up.

  It’s time for lunch.

  It’s one’s turn to do

  It seems that

  It takes sb. some time to do sth.

  ⑥用作形式賓語。Find / think / feel + it +adj +to do sth

  It one 的區別

  It 特指上文提到的同一物件,同一事物。

  one同類而不同一。

  that常用於比較結構中,代替前面提到的名詞,以避免重複。

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