初中英語語法陳述句

  就事物依照其實在情形陳述的句子叫做陳述句。接下來,小編給大家準備了,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

  

  陳述句的句末必須使用句號***Full Stop***“.”,以示句子的陳述結束。

  陳述句又分為肯定的陳述句和否定的陳述句,簡稱為肯定句和否定句。含否定詞的句子稱為否定句***Negative2 Sentence***,不含否定詞的句子就稱為肯定句***Affirmative Sentence***。例如:

  Mr. Walker is an Englishman3.

  ***華克先生是英國人。——肯定句***

  He is not an American.

  ***他不是美國人。——否定句***

  簡單地說,表達事物的“Yes”這一面的句子就是肯定句,“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。傳統的英語入門都是先學肯定句,然後再學肯定句的反面,亦就是否定句。

  否定句的表達方式基本上有下面的兩種。

  ***1***使用副詞否定詞“not”,例如:

  ***a***be,have為主要動詞,例:

  I am not a good swimmer4.

  ***我不是一個游泳的好手。***

  He was5 not at home yesterday afternoon.

  ***昨天下午他不在家。***

  I have not much money.

  ***我沒有很多錢。***

  He has not many friend here.

  ***在這裡他沒有很多朋友。***

  解說:“be/have +not”常縮短成一詞,尤其是日常談話更是如此。例如:

  You aren't a friend of his, are you ?

  ***你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?***

  He isn't my brother.

  ***他不是我的兄弟。***

  I wasn't there at that time.

  ***當時我沒有在那兒。***

  There weren't many people at the party yesterday.

  ***昨天沒有很多人蔘加宴會。***

  “am +not”不是“amn't”,而是“aren't”或“ain't[eint]”,例如:

  I ain't ready.

  ***我還沒準備好。***

  I am very nice to you, aren't I?

  ***我對你很不錯,是不是?***

  美國人用“ain't”很隨便,應該是“are not,is not,have not,has not”的地方,他們也會“ain't”一下就帶過去,宜注意。

  下面例句是“have not,has not”的縮短形。例:

  I haven't a headache.

  ***我沒有頭痛。***

  ***b***be,have為助動詞

  You aren't going6 to go to her birthday party, are you?

  ***你不打算參加她的生日宴會,是不是?***

  It isn't raining outside.

  ***外面沒有在下雨。***

  She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting7.

  ***她沒有被請求在會上講話。***

  I haven't done anything wrong to her.

  ***他沒有做對不起她的事。***

  He hasn't yet8 paid9 the money.

  ***他尚未付錢。***

  be+ V -ing***進行時***,be +P.P.***過去分詞******被動詞態***,have***has,had10***+P.P.***完成時***等的“be,have***has,had***”皆為助動詞。例1的“be going to …”在學校文法中也常被視為助動詞。

  ***c***“助動詞+V”時

  動詞帶有助動詞“will,shall,can,may,must,need,dare,ought11 to,used to,had better”等時,將“not”置於助動詞與主要動詞之間。例如:

  I will not do it again.

  I won't do it again.

  ***我不願意再做這種事。***

  The old man cannot find his way home.

  ***那個老人找不到回家的路。***

  I couldn't sleep last night.

  ***昨夜我無法入睡。***

  You ought not to swim in the river.

  ***你不應該在河裡游泳。***

  You had better not tell her everything.

  ***你最好不要樣樣事情都告訴她。***

  注:“can”的否定形式是“cannot / can't”,不可寫成“can not /cann't”。

  ***d***使用助動詞“do”的否定句

  一般動詞的否定句通常使用助動詞“do”,句式如下:do***does, did12***+not + V***原形動詞***,例:

  I don't know her very well.

  ***我並不很瞭解她。***

  He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.

  ***他並不很喜歡中國茶。***

  She didn't come to school this morning.

  ***今天早上她沒有來上學。***

  Don't believe13 him.

  ***不要相信他的話。***

  注:“have”表達“有”以外的意義時,其否定句通常使用助動詞“do”,例如:

  Usually I don't have ***=eat*** breakfast on Sunday morning.

  ***通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。***

  She doesn't have ***=drink*** coffee for breakfast.

  ***她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。***

  We didn't have ***=enjoy*** a good time there yesterday.

  ***昨天我們在那裡玩得不愉快。***

  不過美式英語“have”作“有”的意義使用時也如一般動詞使用助動詞“do”,例如:

  I don't have brothers.

  ***我沒有兄弟。***

  We didn't have time enough to finish the work.

  ***我們當時沒有足夠的時間完成那件工作。***

  ***2***使用“not”以外的否定詞:

  ***a***副詞:never,seldom14,hardly,little,neither等,例:

  She never comes to school late.

  ***他上學從不遲到。***

  She seldom comes to see me.

  ***她不常來看我。***

  ***b***形容詞:no,few15,little等,例:

  I have no brothers.***=I don't have brothers.***

  ***我沒有兄弟。***

  He has few friends in Hong Kong.

  ***他在香港幾乎沒有朋友。***

  ***c***代詞:nothing,nobody16,none等,例:

  I know nothing about computer.

  ***對於電腦我一竅不通。***

  I found17 nobody about computer.

  ***在那棟房子裡我沒看到任何人。***

  注:

  1.有些文法書認為“Not +V”為句子否定法,是否定句,而“no +n.或如nothing等”為單詞否定法,不宜稱為否定句。例如:

  He doesn't have brother.***否定句***

  He has no brothers.***單詞否定,但應視為肯定句,因為謂語動詞是肯定。***

  請注意下面兩句的意義上的區別:

  He doesn't have a breakfast.

  He has not a breakfast.

  ***他不吃早餐。——否定句***

  He has no breakfast.

  ***他沒有早餐可吃。——單詞否定,肯定句***

  2.否定也可以借用字首或字尾來表達,例如:

  He is honest18.

  ***他是誠實的。***

  He is dishonest19.***=He in not honest.***

  ***他不誠實。***

  They have children.

  ***他們有小孩。***

  They are childless.***=The don't have children.***

  ***他們沒有小孩。***

  練習:

  Ⅰ.請把下列各句改為否定句。

  1.Amy is the best student in my class.

  2.Jim has a lot of stamps.

  3.John studies very hard this semester20.

  4.Bill21 broke22 the glass yesterday.

  5.Did he write you a letter last week?

  6.Open the window, Peter.

  7.We had a walk after dinner yesterday.

  Ⅱ.請把下列各句改為肯定句。

  1.She doesn't have to go to school today.

  2.My father doesn't go to his office by bus.

  3.I didn't see him yesterday.

  4.Mr. Smith won't teach us next year.

  5.You need not do it today.

  6.She cannot run very last.

  7.She doesn't wash her clothes herself23.

  擴充套件:初中英語基礎語法:詞類-感嘆詞感嘆詞***Interjection—int.***

  定義:用以表達喜、怒、哀、樂等強烈情緒及招呼喊叫等的詞或片語叫做感嘆詞。例如:

  Ah!***啊!***

  O***h***!***哦***!

  Alas1!***哎呀!嗚呼哀哉!***

  Dear me!***天哪!***

  My God!***天哪!糟糕!***

  Hello!***喂!哈羅!***

  Hi!***嗨!***

  Happy birthday!***祝你生日快樂!***

  解說:感嘆詞是一個獨立的表意單位,與前後相接的從句***或句子***無修飾或從屬關係。感嘆詞須如上面各例所示使用感嘆號***亦稱驚歎號***“!”標示。