連詞與介詞的區別
我們在學習一種語言的時候經常會學習的語言的語法,那麼你知道連詞和介詞的區別是什麼嗎?下面是小編為你整理的,供大家閱覽!
介詞和連詞的區別:
介詞不能單獨作句子成分,但介詞在介詞短語中是兩個實質性結構成分中***介詞+名詞性詞語***的一個;而連詞在實質性結構中只起連線作用。下面以“和”為例談談如何區別介詞和連詞。①當“和”作介詞的時候,“和”前後的成分不能互換,前面可加副詞作狀語,後面可以有停頓。②當“和”作連詞的時候,“和”前後的成分可以互換,前面不能加副詞性修飾成分,後面不能停頓。
一、介詞的分類與語法功能
1. 介詞是虛詞,不能單獨作句子成分,必須與名詞、代詞***或相當於名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句等***構成介詞短語,在句中充當一個成分。
介詞分為:
① 簡單介詞,如at、in、for等;
② 合成介詞,如within、inside、onto、througout等;
③ 短語介詞,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。
④ 雙重介詞,如from behind / above / under、until after等。
⑤ 分詞介詞,如considering、including、judging***from / by*** 等。
常見的介詞賓語:名詞、代詞、動名詞、從句、不定式等。
如:
①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.
②He quarrelled with her yesterday.
③He succeeded in passing the final exam.
④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.
⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.
2. 介詞短語在句中可作表語、定語、狀語和賓補等。
如:
①This machine is in good condition.***表語***
②Where is the key to my bike?***定語***
③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.***狀語***
④She always thinks herself above others.***賓補***
二、介詞的搭配
1. “動詞+介詞”搭配:注意特定搭配與同一介詞與多個動詞搭配意義不同的情況。
①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow***“奪去、除去”意 義的動詞與of 連用***
②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine***“供給”意義的動詞與with連用***
③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat***“製作、製造”意義與of、from、into連用***
④介詞 + the + 部位與動詞的關係***=動詞 + sb.’s + 部位,可換用***
strike him on the head***“擊,拍,碰,摸”意義與on連用*** c
atch him by the arm***“抓,拉,拿,扯”意義與by連用***
hit the boy in the face***“肚,胸,眼,臉”等人體前部與in連用***
⑤prevent***stop, keep***sb. from doing sth.***“阻止,禁止”意義與from連用***
⑥persuade***advise, warn***sb. into doing sth.***“說服,建議”意義與into連用***
⑦buy sb. for sth.***leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意義與for連用***
⑧tell sth.to sb.***show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意義與to連用***
⑨give sth. to sb.***give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意義與to連用***
注意:⑦⑧⑨可換成buy sb.sth.雙賓結構。
⑩say to sb.***suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper與“物件”連用必須用to***不可說suggest sb.sth.。
同一介詞與不同動詞搭配,意義各異
reply to the letter回信,
sing***dance***to the music和....唱***跳***,
amount to 達到,加起來有....,
devote to把...貢獻給,
drink to為....乾杯,
object to反對,
look forward to 渴望,
come to甦醒,
belong to屬於,
search for搜...,
ask … for … 尋找,
use … for用作,
leave for前往,
take … for誤以為,
call of倡導,
wait for等待,
care for喜歡,
make up for彌補損失,
turn to求助***救***於,
help oneself to隨意,
agree to同意,
compare … to把...比作,
send for派人去請***拿***...,
sail for駛向,航向,
set out for動身去,
go in for愛好„„。
2. 常見“形容詞 + 介詞”搭配。
worthy of值得的,
glad about sth. for sb.為某人某事高興,
far from離„„遠,
grateful for sth. to sb.為某事感激某人,
free from沒有„„***免除„„***,
proud of***take pride in***自豪,
satisfied with ***by***滿意,
sure of / about確信,
fond of喜歡,
fit for適合,
busy with sth.***in doing sth.***忙著幹某事,
full of充滿,
ready for準備,
similar to相似,
wrong with不對;有毛病„„
3. “名詞 + 介詞”要注意習慣搭配和意義區分。
三、核心介詞的用法歸納與辨析
1. 表示時間的介詞in的用法如下。
表示在某一較長時間內,如世紀、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in,
如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in***the*** winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。
還可以用時段名片語成固定短語或片語。如:in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning ***afternoon, evening***。
但要注意:
①at night / at noon, in the day***在白天***,in the night***大夜間***。
②in five days***weeks, months, years***中in意思是“在„„以後”。