賓語從句的用法詳解
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。賓語從句過"三關":時態、語序、連詞
一.賓語從句的定義
置於動詞、介詞等詞性後面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式,v.-ing形式後面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞***afraid,sure,glad等***之後也可以帶賓語從句。
二.賓語從句中引導詞的用法在複合句中作主句的賓語,引導詞有:
連詞:that ***that 常可省略***,whether, if
代詞:who, whose, what ,which
副詞:when ,where, how, why 等。
***一***that引導的賓語從句***在非正式場合that可以省略***
可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有:
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事項:當主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞,而賓語從句的意思是否定時,常把否定轉移至主句表示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情況中that不能省略
當句中的動詞後接多於兩個由that引導的賓語從句時,第一個that可省,但後面的that不可省。
例句:He said ***that*** you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時,that不可省。
例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事項:許多帶複合賓語的句子,that引導的賓語從句經常移到句子後部,而用it作形式賓語。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
***二***由whether,if 引導的賓語從句
由whether***if***引導的賓語從句,實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來,在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。
例句:I wonder whether***if*** they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引導的賓語從句
在帶to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
在介詞的後面
例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
在動詞後面的賓語從句時
例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
直接與or not連用時
例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句
if引導條件狀語從句,意為“如果”
例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
if引導否定概念的賓語從句時
例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
引導狀語從句even if***即使***和as if***好象***時
例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
***三***連線代詞和連線副詞引導的賓語從句
這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的,賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用於這種結構的動詞常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英語中的連線代詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英語中的連線副詞有:when,where,why,how,在句中擔任狀語的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即:連線代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句如下:
I don’t know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.賓語從句的時態主句是一般現在時,從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。
例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是過去時態,從句須用過去時態的某種形式。
例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現在時態。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.賓語從句的特點賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。
賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。
連線詞that引導賓語從句在句中無詞義,不充當句子成份,多數情況下可以省略。
whether 和 if 都可引導賓語從句,但 whether後可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。
如果從句太長,可以用形式賓語it.