賓語從句的用法詳解

  在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。賓語從句過"三關":時態、語序、連詞

  一.賓語從句的定義

  置於動詞、介詞等詞性後面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式,v.-ing形式後面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞***afraid,sure,glad等***之後也可以帶賓語從句。

  二.賓語從句中引導詞的用法在複合句中作主句的賓語,引導詞有:

  連詞:that ***that 常可省略***,whether, if

  代詞:who, whose, what ,which

  副詞:when ,where, how, why 等。

  ***一***that引導的賓語從句***在非正式場合that可以省略***

  可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有:

  say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

  例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

  注意事項:當主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞,而賓語從句的意思是否定時,常把否定轉移至主句表示。

  例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

  在以下情況中that不能省略

  當句中的動詞後接多於兩個由that引導的賓語從句時,第一個that可省,但後面的that不可省。

  例句:He said ***that*** you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

  當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時,that一般不可省。

  例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

  當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時,that不可省。

  例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.

  注意事項:許多帶複合賓語的句子,that引導的賓語從句經常移到句子後部,而用it作形式賓語。

  例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

  ***二***由whether,if 引導的賓語從句

  由whether***if***引導的賓語從句,實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來,在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。

  例句:I wonder whether***if*** they will come to our party.

  只能用whether,不能用if引導的賓語從句

  在帶to的不定式前

  例句:We decided whether to walk there.

  在介詞的後面

  例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

  在動詞後面的賓語從句時

  例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

  直接與or not連用時

  例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

  只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句

  if引導條件狀語從句,意為“如果”

  例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

  if引導否定概念的賓語從句時

  例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

  引導狀語從句even if***即使***和as if***好象***時

  例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.

  ***三***連線代詞和連線副詞引導的賓語從句

  這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的,賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用於這種結構的動詞常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

  英語中的連線代詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。

  例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

  英語中的連線副詞有:when,where,why,how,在句中擔任狀語的成分。

  例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

  三.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即:連線代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句如下:

  I don’t know what they are looking for.

  Could you tell me when the train will leave?

  Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

  四.賓語從句的時態主句是一般現在時,從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。

  例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

  主句是過去時態,從句須用過去時態的某種形式。

  例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

  當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現在時態。

  例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

  五.賓語從句的特點賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。

  賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。

  連線詞that引導賓語從句在句中無詞義,不充當句子成份,多數情況下可以省略。

  whether 和 if 都可引導賓語從句,但 whether後可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。

  如果從句太長,可以用形式賓語it.