小升初英語語法複習資料
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小升初英語形容詞比較級語法複習資料
【詳解】
當我們需要對事物作出比較時，需要用到比較級。比較級的句子結構通常是：
什麼 + 動詞be ***am , is , are *** + 形容詞比較級 + than***比***+ 什麼 ,如：
I’m taller and heavier than you. ***我比你更高和更重。***
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. ***一隻大象比一隻老虎更大。***
形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎上變化而來的，它的變化規則是：
① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e結尾的，直接加r ，如 fine – finer ,
③ 以子音字母加y結尾的，先改y為i再加er，如funny - funnier
④ 雙寫最後的字母再加er，如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意☆ 比較的兩者應該是互相對應的可比較的東西。
典型錯誤：My hair is longer than you.***我的頭髮比你更長。***
比較的兩者是我的頭髮、你***整個人***，那麼比較的物件就沒有可比性。
應該改為：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
【練習】
一、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子heavy tall long big
***1*** How is the Yellow River?
***2*** How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
***3*** How are your feet? I wear size 18.
***4***How is the fish? It’s 2kg.
二、根據句意寫出所缺的單詞
***1*** I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you.
***2*** A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail.
***3*** An elephant is than a pig.
***4*** A lake is than a sea.
***5*** A basketball is than a football.
三、根據中文完成句子.
***1***? 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I’m than my brother.
***2***? 這棵樹要比那棵樹高. This tree than that one.
***3***? 你比他矮四釐米. You are than he.
***4***? 誰比你重? than you?
四、根據答句寫出問句
***1*** I’m 160 cm.
***2*** I’m 12 years old.
***4*** Amy’s hair is 30 cm long.
小升初英語動詞語法複習資料
動詞的過去式的構成規則有：
A、規則動詞
①一般直接在動詞的後面加ed如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e結尾的動詞直接加d如 lived , danced , used
③以子音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed***此類動詞較少***如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried ***play、stay***
④ 雙寫最後一個字母***此類動詞較少***如 stopped
B、不規則動詞***此類詞並無規則，須熟記***小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式：sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
動詞的ing形式的構成規則：
①一般的直接在後面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結尾的動詞，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
③ 雙寫最後一個字母的***此類動詞極少***有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
小升初英語句型語法複習資料
1、肯定句：是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子，如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not ***isn’t*** a doctor.
He does not ***doesn’t*** work in a hospital. There are not ***aren’t*** four fans in our classroom.
He will not ***won’t*** eat lunch at 12:00. I did not ***didn’t*** watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意☆ 小結：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動詞be的句子則“not”加在be後面，可縮寫成“isn’t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞***do，does，did***，然後在它後面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫在 一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t ***。這三個助動詞要根據人稱和時態來選擇，其中“does”只用於一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況，而“did”只用於一般過去時，不論主語是什麼人 稱和數，都用“did” 。
3、一般疑問句：是指詢問事實的句子，此類句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, No, I am not. ***Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.***
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not***won’t***.
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
☆注意☆ 小結：一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上，
①把動詞be調到首位，其他照寫，末尾標點符號變成問號即可。
②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞***do，does，did***再把緊跟在後面的動詞變回原形，末尾標點符號變成問號即可。
這三個助動詞也要根據人稱和時態來選擇，其中“does”只用於一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況，而“did”只用於一般過去時，不論主語是什麼人稱 和數，都用“did” 。一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致，即問句裡的第一個單詞***助動詞***和簡略答句裡的這個詞是一致的。
4、特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞***what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等***開頭引導的句子。此類句子應該問什麼就答什麼，不能用“yes 、no”來回答。如：
What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問片語用來提問，如： how many***多少***數量******, how much***多少***錢******, how tall***多高***, how long***多長***, how big***多大***, how heavy***多重***
例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小結：how many 用來提問可數名詞的數量，主要有以上三種句式搭配，
How many + 名詞複數 + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名詞複數 + can you see? 你能看見多少……?
How many + 名詞複數 + are there…? 有多少……?
小升初英語複合句語法複習資料
1. 代詞we, us, you等後接同位語
Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書嗎?
They three joined the school team. 他們3人蔘加了校隊。
She has great concern for us students. 她對我們學生很關心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我們女孩子經常一起去看電影。
2. 不定式用作同位語
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下達了發起總攻的命令。***to start the general attack與the order同位***
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那裡接他上了車。***to walk along…與the instruction同位***
3. -ing分詞用作同位語
He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一個開卡車的差事。***driving a track與a job同位***
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一個熨衣服的職位。***ironing shirts與a place同位***
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一個計劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。***attacking at night與the first plan同位***
4. 形容詞用作同位語
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易會，是有史以來規模最大的，正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他讀了很多書，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都來到街頭觀看遊行。
【注】這類同位語與定語比較接近，可轉換成定語從句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之類的結構用作同位語
We none of us said anything. 我們誰也沒說話。
We have none of us large appetites. 我們誰飯量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他們兩人都不想去。
They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他們兩人誰也沒能贏得她的信任。
【注】同位語並不影響其後句子謂語的“數”，如：
學生每人都有一本詞典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
誤：The students each has a dictionary.
請比較下面一句***謂語用了單數，因為each為句子主語***：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 從句用作同位語***即同位語從句***
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們為你生病發愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的資訊說她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的訊息不實。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不動腦筋做此工作的想法是錯誤的。
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