新目標初二英語下冊重點短語及句型總彙2

　　Unit 4 He said I was hard-working

　　1. every Saturday 每週六

　　2. first of all首先

　　3. both……and…… 兩者都***謂語動詞要注意對稱原則***

　　4. neither….nor 兩者都不***謂語動詞要注意就近和對稱原則***

　　5. most of…絕大多數

　　6. an exciting week 令人興奮的一週

　　7. agree on something 同意某人的計劃;對….取得一致意見

　　8. agree to do sth. 答應/同意做…

　　9. pass on ***to***　　　　　　　傳遞

　　10. be supposed to do sth.　　　被期望或被要求做... ...

　　11. be mad at …… 對……瘋狂/生氣

　　12. do better in=be better at 　　在......方面做得更好

　　13. be in good health 　　身體健康

　　14. report card 　　　　　成績單

　　15. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是連繫動詞，一般只能跟adj.做表語

　　16. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like

　　聽起來像…/感覺像…/聞起來像…/嚐起來像…/看起來像…+sb./sth.

　　17. get… over　　　　　　　克服;恢復;原諒

　　18. open up 　　　　　　　開啟/展開/開發/揭露

　　19. care for　　　　　　　照料;照顧;意願;計較

　　20. have a***surprise*** party for sb.　為某人舉行一次***驚喜0聚會

　　21. end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考試

　　22. not----anymore 不再

　　23. do a home project 做作業

　　24. be surprised\happy\excited to do sth 做某事感到驚訝、高興、激動

　　25. be \get nervous 感到緊張

　　26. have a very hard time with.. 在---日子不好過

　　27. an disappointing result 令人失望的結果

　　28. take\ leave a message 捎***留***個口信

　　29. have a big fight

　　30. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth

　　31. to teach in China’s rural areas

　　32. feel lucky

　　33. people who need help 需要幫助的人

　　34. something we can do for them 我們能為他們做的事

　　35. there is no difference between…and.. 在。。和。。之間沒有區別

　　36. Groups and the work they do

　　Groups The work they do

　　Greenpeace Cares for ‘Mother Earth”

　　Doctors Without Borders Helps sick people in poor countries

　　UNICEF Helps children in poor countries

　　WWF Cares for wild animals in danger

　　37.the Hope Project 希望工程

　　38.fortunately

　　本單元目標句型：

　　轉述他人話語:What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…They said…

　　1. 許老師告訴我徐夢蝶會說二種語言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.

　　2. 許老師說地球繞著太陽轉。Mr. Xu said ***that***the earth turns around the sun.

　　3. 許老師告訴我他將去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.

　　4. 許老師說歐洋正在做作業Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.

　　5. 許老師說王碩研勤奮。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.

　　6. 在英語上，與聽相比，我更擅長於讀。In English, I’m better at reading than listening.

　　7. 情況怎樣? How’s it going?

　　8. 她不想再當我最好的朋友了。She didn’t want to be my best friend anymore.

　　9. I said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.

　　10. That’s about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love.

　　11. She said helping others changed her life.

　　12. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you.

　　13. The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.

　　14. Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei. Her village was 2,000metere above the sea level, and at first the thin air made her feel sick.

　　15. Young people today need to experience different things

　　16. Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.

　　17. I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.

　　18. She said she likes being a good influence in the children’s lives.

　　19. She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang, Gansu Province.

　　20. You are at B’s house working on a homework project.

　　21. You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but A didn’t come to the bus stop.

　　22. A calls you with a message for C. Pass on the message, and then give C’s answer to A.

　　23. What are some things that happen on soap operas?

　　本單元語法講解

　　直接引語和間接引語

　　***一***直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。

　　1. 時態的變化：直接引語變為間接引語時，通常受轉述動詞said，asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態，即把原來的時態向過去推，也就是一般現在時變

　　一般過去時，現在進行時變為過去進行時等。例如：

　　Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

　　→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

　　2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化;根據意義進行相應的變化。如：

　　She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been.

　　He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.

　　***二***直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因為原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。

　　1.陳述句的間接引語：陳述句由直接引語變間接引語，由that引導，可以省略。

　　“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要蘭色的。” 他說。

　　→He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他說他想要蘭色的。

　　She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.” 她對我說：“此刻你無法做任何事情。”

　　→She told me that I couldn’t do anything then.　她對我說那時我無法做任何事。

　　2. 疑問句的間接引語

　　直接引語如果是疑問句，變成間接引語後，叫做間接疑問句。間接疑問句為陳述語序，句末用句號，動詞時態等的變化與間接陳述句相同。引述動詞常用ask, wonder, want to know等間接疑問句一般有三種：

　　***1***.一般疑問句由直接引語變為間接引語時，由whether或if 引導。如：

　　“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作過嗎?”吉姆問。

　　→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆問他是否在上海工作過。

　　“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.

　　那個老人問：“你能告訴我去醫院的路嗎?

　　→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.

　　那老人問我是否能告訴他去醫院路。

　　***2***. 特殊疑問句由直接引語變為間接引語時，仍由原來的疑問詞引導。如：

　　“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪個房間?”他問我。

　　→He asked me which room I lived in. 他問我住哪個房間。

　　“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她問“你怎麼看這部電影?”

　　→She asked her friend what she thought of the film . 她問她朋友怎麼看這部電影。

　　***3***. 選擇疑問句由直接引語變為間接引語時，由whether/if …or引導。如：

　　“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 媽媽問：“這是你的自行車還是湯姆的?”

　　→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.媽媽問這是我的自行車還是湯姆的。

　　“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.

　　“你妹妹喜歡蘭色的裙子還是綠色的?”凱特問。

　　→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.

　　凱特問我妹妹喜歡蘭色裙子還是綠色的。

　　3. 祈使句的間接引語當祈使句變為間接引語時，間接祈使句的引述動詞常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句變成帶to的不定式短語。如：

　　Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.　” 傑克說：“瑪麗，明天請到我家來。”

　　→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.　傑克請瑪麗第二天到他家去。

　　The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.” 老師對學生們說：“不要講話了。”

　　→The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老師讓學生們不要說話了。

　　“Don’t touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何東西。”他說。

　　→He told us not to touch anything. 他對我們說不要碰任何東西。

　　4. 動詞時態和代詞等的變動

　　***1***. 某些代詞，限定詞，表示時間或地點的副詞和個別動詞在間接引語中的變化規則：

　　直接引語　　　　　　　　　間接引語

　　today　　　　　　　　　　　　 that day

　　now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 then, at that moment

　　yesterday　　　　　　　　　　 the day before

　　the day before yesterday　　　 two days before

　　tomorrow　　　　　 the next day / the following day

　　the day after tomorrow　two days after, / in two days

　　next week/ month etc　　　　 the next week/month etc

　　last week/ month etc　　the week / month etc. before

　　here　　　　　　　　　　　　 there

　　this　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that

　　these　　　　　　　　　　　　 those

　　come　　　　　　　　　　　 go

　　bring　　　　　　　　　　 take

　　***2***. 如果引述動詞為現在時形式，則間接引語中的動詞時態，代詞，限定詞和表示時間或地點的副詞不用變化。而如果引述動詞是過去時，以上內容就要有相應變化。變化情況如下：現在時間推移到過去的時間***注意:如果直接引語是表示客觀規律的,那麼時態仍然用一般現在時

　　一般現在時 →一般過去時;

　　現在進行時 →過去進行時;

　　一般將來時 →過去將來時;

　　現在完成時 →過去完成時;

　　Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!

　　1. at the party 在晚會上

　　2. ask sb. to do sth. 請某人做某事

　　3. stay at home 呆在家

　　4. half the class/students 一半學生

　　5. get injured 受傷

　　6. have a great time =have a wonderful\good time　玩得高興

　　7. take …away　　運走，取走 put away 收起來，放好

　　8. all the time=always　一直，始終

　　9. make a living ***by doing sth***　謀生

　　10. in order to do sth…　　為了做某事

　　11. have a party 　舉行聚會

　　12. go to college　上大學

　　13. be famous for… 　因……而著稱 be famous as… 作為…而出名

　　14. make money =earn money　　掙錢

　　15. in fact　事實上

　　16. laugh at… 　　　嘲笑

　　17. too much太多***修飾不可數名詞***too many太多***修飾可數名詞複數***much too+形容詞/副詞太…

　　18. get exercise 　鍛鍊注意***exercise當“鍛鍊”是不可數名詞;而當“操”“練習”是可數名詞***

　　19. travel around the world 周遊世界

　　20. work hard 　　　　　努力工作

　　21. wear jeans 　　　　穿牛仔褲

　　22. let ... in　允許……進入，嵌入 keep…out 不允許。。進入

　　23. get an education　獲得教育

　　24. take… away 拿開，拿走

　　25. study for the test 準備考試

　　26. make some food 準備食物 make dumplings 做水餃 make the bed 整理床鋪

　　27. half the class 一半的學生

　　28. the rules for school parties 學校派對的規則

　　29. children’s hospital 兒童醫院

　　30. join the Lions 加入獅隊

　　31. give money to schools and charities 給學校和慈善組織捐錢

　　32. become a professional soccer player 成為一個職業的足球運動員

　　33. organize the games for the class party 為班級派對準備遊戲

　　34. play sports for a living 靠體育運動為生

　　本單元目標句型：

　　1. If you do, you’ll…2. I’m going to … 3. You should…

　　4. Don’t you want to …? 5. Don’t you think ….?

　　①如果李老師去參加晚會，我們將會玩得非常高興。 If Ms Li goes to the party, we’ll have a great time.

　　②如果你穿牛仔褲去晚會，李老師將不會讓你進入。If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li won’t let you in.

　　6.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.

　　7.If you become a professional athlete, you will be able to make a living doing something you love.

　　8.However, professional athletes can also have many problems.

　　9.If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult.

　　10. If you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.

　　11.In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy.

　　本單元語法講解

　　if 引導的條件狀語從句。If是連詞，所連線的句子叫條件狀語從句，表示假設或條件，意思是 “ 如果…的話”，用法如下：

　　1、表示假設，表示將會發生和可能發生的事，或進行提醒警告。句子結構如下： If +句子***一般現在時***，+主句***主語will/may/can*** +動詞***

　　a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.

　　b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .

　　2. 表示真實條件、客觀真理、自然現象、定理定義 . 民間諺語等，句型是：

　　If + 句子 ***一般現在時 ***，+ 主句 *** 一般現在時***.

　　例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed .

　　If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .

　　If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks

　　If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .

　　If a plant don’t get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.

　　Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

　　1. raise money for 籌錢

　　2. collect stamps 集郵

　　3. run out of… 用盡

　　4. by the way 順便說一下

　　5. on the way to.. 在…的路上

　　6. be interested in 對…感興趣

　　7. more than=over 超過

　　8. fly kites 放風箏

　　9. start class 開始上課

　　10. start a snow globe collector’s club 開辦雪球儀收集者俱樂部

　　11. the most common***unusual, interesting*** hobby 最普通的愛好

　　12. listen to music videos 聽音樂碟片

　　13. organize a talent show to raise money for charity 為慈善機構捐錢而舉辦的才藝展示

　　14. extra English lessons 額外的英語課

　　15. have problems with the language 語言方面有問題

　　16. the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龍江的省會

　　17. an interesting city with a colorful history 一個有著豐富多彩歷史文化的有趣的城市

　　18. three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半

　　19. a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一雙滑冰鞋/一雙鞋/一副眼鏡/一條褲子/牛仔褲

　　 How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

　　= How much does a***this*** pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?

　　 How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

　　= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?

　　本單元目標句型：

　　1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多長時間了?

　　2. I’ve been skating since nine o’clock./since I was four years old.

　　我從九點一直滑到現在/我從四歲一直滑到現在。

　　3. I’ve been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小時。

　　4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.

　　我對中國的歷史瞭解得越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。

　　5. Was this your first skating marathon? No, I skated in a marathon last year.

　　6. When did you get your first pair of skates?

　　7. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours.

　　Alison是第一個開始並且已經滑了整整5個小時。

　　8. I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School Skating Marathon.

　　9. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.

　　每滑一個小時，每位學生可為慈善事業籌集10元錢。

　　10. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. In fact I think it’s probably my favorite.

　　謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實上，我想它可能是我的最愛。

　　11. My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.

　　媽媽說我必須停止了，因為我們已經沒有地方來存放他們了。

　　12. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday.

　　我得到的第一個雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。

　　13. I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

　　我特別喜歡動物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話，請告訴我們。

　　14. By the way, what’s your hobby?

　　15. I’m interested in the job as a writer.

　　16. The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you different topics to choose from. To get the job, please answer these four questions.

　　校報需要一個撰稿人。我們會給你一些不同的話題來選擇。要得到這份工作，請回答這樣四個問題。

　　17. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中國朝代?

　　18. Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list.

　　從其他國家歷史中，你能記起一些著名人物嗎?列個表。

　　19. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor.

　　事實上，第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。

　　20. There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.這個城市有歐洲文化的影響，而且哈爾濱的一些老建築還是俄羅斯風格的。新課標第一網

　　21. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China.

　　對於一個像我一樣的外國人來說，我對中國文化了解越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。

　　22. And although I live quite far from Beijing, I’m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008.

　　儘管我住得離北京很遠，但我相信2008年奧運會我一定在這兒。

　　本單元語法講解

　　現在完成進行時：表示從過去某時開始到現在這一段時間裡一直在延續的動作。

　　現在完成進行式結構：have / has +been+ doing/

　　1.I have been writing the letter since then.從那時起我一直在寫這封信。***動作從過去一直持續到現在還在繼續***

　　2.I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自從10年前我就收集郵票了***動作從過去一直現在還在收集***。

　　3. How long have you been living here?你在這兒已經住了多長時間了。***“居住”動作從過去一直現在還在繼續***

　　現在完成進行時和現在完成時的區別：

　　1現在完成進行時比現在完成時更強調動作的延續性：