動詞不定式的用法總結

  動詞不定式的用法

  一、動詞不定式在句子中不能充當謂語,沒有人稱和數的'變化。

  二、動詞不定式是由“to+動詞原形”構成(有時可以不帶to)。動詞不定式的否定形式是“not+動詞不定式”(not不與助動詞連用)。

  三、動詞不定式短語具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等的功能,可在句中用做多種句子成分。

  1、主語:常置於句末,而用it代替其做形式主語。例:

  To go in for sports helps you stay fit.

  It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.

  注:此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可由for或of引出,邏輯主語由of引出時,表語的形容詞為kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示評價的形容詞。

  例:It's right of him to refuse the invitation1.(him為邏輯主語)

  2、表語:Our duty is to protect the enviroment.

  3、動詞賓語:此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。

  例:would you like to see my photos?

  Kevin planned to visit his uncle.

  和plan用法一樣的詞還有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。

  I found it very difficult to get a job.(it為形式賓語)

  4、賓語補足語:

  (1)在多數複合賓語及物動詞後要帶to。

  例:I asked a friend to read it to me.(book4,L2)

  (2)在表示感覺、致使等意義的動詞(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,make,let,have,help等)後不帶to。

  例:They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.

  5、定語:動詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞的後面。

  例:Vinny is the first disabled2 person to sail3 around the world.

  6、形容詞補足語:在表示心理、感情、評價等的形容詞後,對其進行補充說明。

  例:Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.

  7、狀語:表示目的、原因、程度等。

  例:They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.

  8、“疑問詞+不定式”用法:不定式前可帶what,who,which,where,when,how等疑問詞,這種不定式短語在句中多用做賓語。

  例:He didn't tell me where to go.

  9、在初中階段還涉及到“不定式被動語態一般式(tobe+過去分詞)”。

  例:There are twenty more trees to be planted.

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