by後面加什麼詞表示隨意

  1、by+地點名詞,表方位,意為:“在……旁邊”。如:by the lake/river/tree/window/door等。

  例句:She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.她到了山頂,然後停下來在路邊的一塊大石頭上休息。

  2、by+時間名詞,意為:“到……時,在……之前”。如:by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of等。

  例句:By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed.到去年年底,又有一座新體育館峻工了。

  3、by+名詞,可用來表方法、方式、手段等。

  (1)by+the+可數的時間、長度、重量等名詞,意為:“按……計算”。如:by the pound/yard/meter/day/month等。

  例句:Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.城市裡的女清潔工通常按小時獲得報酬。

  (2)by+交通工具、交通方式名詞,意為:“透過……,乘……”。如by train/taxi/bus/truck/plane/water/air等。

  例句:It takes a long time to go there by train,it`s quicker by bus.乘火車去那兒要花很長時間,公路比較快。

  4、by+數量詞。

  (1)表升降、增減的`程度。如:by one-fifth/two feet等。

  例句:With production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.產量上升了百分之六十,這家公司今年的業績極好。

  (2)表示距離和麵積、體積中的尺寸及乘除法中的運算。如:by 6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hair`s breadth等。

  例句:The bed is three meters wide by two meters long,and can fit at least four at one time.那張床三米寬,兩米長,一次至少可以睡四個人。

  5、by+身體部位名詞或衣服名詞,表示被抓住身體/衣物的某一部分。如:by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns/sleeve等。

  例句:The policeman caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。

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