高考英語作文常用修辭手法
高考英語作文常用修辭手法
在學習、工作乃至生活中,大家都經常接觸到作文吧,作文是一種言語活動,具有高度的綜合性和創造性。相信很多朋友都對寫作文感到非常苦惱吧,下面是小編收集整理的高考英語作文常用修辭手法,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
1.比喻(metaphor)
比喻就是打比方。可分為明喻和暗喻:
明喻(simile):
用like, as, as...as, as if(though)或用其他詞語指出兩個不同事物的相似之處。例如:
O my love’s like a red, red rose.我的愛人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰花。
The man can’t be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel.那個人不可信賴。他像鰻魚一樣狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起來。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一場疾逝的夢。
暗喻(metaphor):
用一個詞來指代與該詞所指事物有相似特點的另外一個事物。例如:
He has a heart of stone.他有一顆鐵石心腸。
The world is a stage.世界是一個大舞臺。
2.換喻(metonymy)
用某一事物的名稱代替另外一個與它關係密切的事物的名稱,只要一提到其中一種事物,就會使人聯想到另一種。比如用the White House代替美國政府或者總統,用the bottle來代替wine或者alcohol,用the bar來代替the legal profession,用crown代替king等。例如:
His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的經濟條件不允許他享受那種奢華。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母親盡最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848.他在1848年繼承了王位。
3.提喻(synecdoche)
指用部分代表整體或者用整體代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如:
He earns his bread by writing.他靠寫作掙錢謀生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.在收穫季節裡農場缺乏勞動力。
Australia beat Canada at CRIcket.澳大利亞隊在板球比賽中擊敗了加拿大隊。
He is the Newton of this century.他是這個世紀的牛頓。
4.擬人(personification)
把事物或者概念當作人或者具備人的品質的寫法叫擬人。例如:
My heart was singing.我的'心在歌唱。
This time fate was smiling to him.這一次命運朝他微笑了。
The flowers nodded to her while she passed.當她經過的時候花兒向她點頭致意。
The wind whistled through the trees.風穿過樹叢,樹葉嘩嘩作響。
5.委婉(euphemism)
用溫和的、間接的詞語代替生硬的、粗俗的詞語,以免直接說出不愉快的事實冒犯別人或者造成令人窘迫、沮喪的局面。例如:
用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us代替to die
用senior citizens代替old people
用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil
用weight watcher代替fat people
用mental hospital代替madhouse或者asylum
用emotionally disturbed代替mad
用washroom, men’s / women’s room代替lavatory
用handicapped代替CRIppled
用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged代替poor people
6.雙關(pun)
用同音異義或者一詞二義來達到詼諧幽默的效果:表面上是一個意思,而實際上卻暗含另一個意思,這種暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如:
A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器)
一發炮彈打斷了他的腿,所以他繳械投降了。
“Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer.
“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman.我可以試穿一下櫥窗裡的那件睡袍嗎?或者:我可以在櫥窗裡試穿那件睡袍嗎?
Seven days without water make one weak (week).七天沒有水使一個人虛弱。或者:七天沒有水就是一週沒有水。
7.反語(irony)
使用與真正意義相反的詞,正話反說或者反話正說,從對立的角度運用詞義來產生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亞的戲劇Julius Caesar中的一個運用反語的很好的例子,Brutus出於野心刺殺了Caesar, Caesar的好友Antony譏諷Brutus說:
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men—
Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;