英語定語從句總結完整
英語定語從句總結完整
定語從句(Attributive clauses)
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句,因其修飾作用相當於形容詞,故稱形容詞性從句,即通常所說的定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。引導定語從句的有:
(1)關係代詞: 先行詞為人:who, whom, that, whose
先行詞為物:which, that, whose
(2)關係副詞:when, where, why
注意: 關係詞起三個作用:①連線先行詞和定語從句②替代先行詞③在從句中擔任成分 what不能引導定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞後,但有時也被一個短語隔開。 例如:I was the only person in my office who was invited.
I. 關係代詞引導的定語從句
關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。 定語從句的'構成: 先行詞 + 關係詞 + 從句
人 物
主格 Who/ that Which/ that
賓格 Whom/ that/ who Which/ that
定語 whose Whose: …of which
(1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語。關係代詞充當賓語可以省略。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
(2)whose 用來指人或物,在定語從句中作定語,。 例如:
Please pass me the book whose cover is red.(指物)
The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.(指人)
(3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可做主語、賓語等。例如: Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作主語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)
關係副詞when, where, why在從句中充當狀語,分別可表時間、地點或原因。
I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
I know the reason why he came late.