高中英語定語從句課件參考
高中英語定語從句課件參考
導語：本節課的知識點相對比較多但難度係數不大，主要是講定語從句的各個關係詞具體用法。以下是為大家整理的高中英語定語從句課件，希望能夠幫助大家！
教學過程
一、複習預習
1、對上節課課後作業中的問題進行查漏補缺；
2、匯入：
e.g. She is a beautiful girl.
She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy.
二、知識講解
（一）定語從句定義
1、定語從句：在複合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的
定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞後面。
2、先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞。
3、關係詞：用來引導定語從句的詞叫做關係詞。
關係代詞的種類：
關係代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
關係副詞：when, where, why
4、定語從句結構：先行詞+關係詞+定語從句。
a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
b、 In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
（二）定語從句分類
限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，對先行詞起修飾限定作用，從句與先行詞緊密相連，缺少它則句義顯得不完整，一般不用逗號隔開。 非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞關係鬆散，用逗號隔開。
1、The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)
2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)
（三）關係代詞
1、who指人，在定語從句中作主語。
e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German .
2、Whom指人，在句中做賓語，可省略，但在做介詞的賓語是隻能用whom,不能用who。關係代詞前有介詞時不能省略。
e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to .
I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .
3、whose, 作定語，可指人或物
e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.
Theywww.Wenku1.comare the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in .
4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主語（不能省略）或賓語（可省略）
e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us .
This is a plant that grows in the north .
5、which ,指物，在句中做主語（不能省略），或賓語（可省略）。
e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .
☆常用that不用which的情況
1、當先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代詞時，只用that。
歌訣助記：不定代詞這路貨，全用that準沒錯。
Pay attention to everything that I do.
2、當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高階修飾時，只用that。
歌訣助記：先行詞前被限定，千萬不要用which。
This is the best novel (that)I have read.
3、如果出現兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，並同時兼指人和物時，關係代詞用that。 歌訣助記：兩項並列人與物，引導定從用that。
They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.
4、當先行詞被the only, the last, the way, the same等修飾時。
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
5、在疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句中，為了避免重複只用that。
Which of the students that knows something about history.
6、當被修飾的成分是數詞時，（被修飾成分是代名詞one，指人時除外）只用that. I’ve got one that you might be interested in.
☆常用which，不用that的情況
1、引導非限制性定語從句。
Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.
全世界都踢足球，它是一項有趣的運動。
2、直接放在介詞後作賓語時（介詞+關係代詞結構中）。
Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.語言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無法交流。
（四）關係副詞
1、when 指時間
（1）在定語從句中作狀語，先行詞主要為一些時間名詞（year ,day ,time,week等）,但時間名詞在從句中作主語，賓語時，應用that，which，不能用when
e.g. I’ll never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作狀語 I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主語
He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做賓語
（2）It is the first time that …句型中，that是習慣用法，不用when。
e.g. It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .
2、where 指地點
（1）指前面的地點，在從句中作狀語。
e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago .
（2）指地點，在句中作主語，賓語時不能用where，須用that/which .
e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years （作狀語）.
This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .（作賓語）
e.g. This is the shool ｛in which /where we study every year.（作狀語）
This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. （作賓語） .
（3）當先行詞為某個方面、情況、階段、位置等的詞時使用關係副詞
3、why 表示原因
“the reason why ….that…. ”中，不能用because 代替that .
e.g. That’s the reason why (for which ) he didn’t come to school .
The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting is that he was ill .
但reason 在從句中做賓語時，關係代詞用that/which ,可省略
e.g. I don’t believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .
（五）“介詞+關係代詞”引導的定語從句
當先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，往往可以把介詞放在關係代詞之前，構成“介詞+關係代詞（whom/which）”結構。但一些短語如look after 等中的介詞不能與動詞分開，故不能放在關心代詞之前。確定介詞時：
一是，依據定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習慣搭配；
二是，依據先行詞的某種習慣搭配；
三是，根據所要表達的意思來確定。
e.g. That’s the reason why (for which ) he didn’t come to school .
（六）非限定性定語從句
關係代詞在非限定性定語從句中的用法。
指人做主語用who,作賓語用whom ，指地點用where，指時間when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定語用whose。
e.g. He didn’t see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)
（七）as 引導的限制性定語從句
A . such ….as 和 the same…as 的用法
such ….as： 像….一樣的，像…..之類；the same…as： 和…..同樣的
在這兩個句型中，as是關係代詞，such和same 作定語，修飾主語裡的某個名詞（或代詞），這個名詞是由as引導的定語從句的先行詞，as在從句中可擔任主語、賓語或表語。
Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在從句中作主語) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在從句中作賓語）
The result is not the same as they had expected.( 在從句中作賓語)
重點比較 :
the same …as…和 the same …that…
the same…as…:和…..相同（代指同類事物）；
the same …that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）
兩者都引導定語從句。as 從句中說明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。that從句中說明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一個。
Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.
He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.
This is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支筆)
This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同類型的筆，但並不是我丟失的那一支）
B. ….such as …的用法
….such as …中的such為代詞，意思是“這樣的人或物”，as 在從句中作賓語，修飾先行詞such。
Eg： This book is not such as I expect.
He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.
相關連結：
such as 還有“諸如，例如，像…那樣的”的意思，此時後面跟名詞或名詞短語等。
Eg：They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.
（八）as 引導的非限制性定語從句
as 可以像which一樣引導非限制性定語從句，用來代表整個句子的內容，它的先行詞可以是名詞，也可以是不定式短語或整個句子。as 在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。此外，有些as 引導的定語從句已成為固定用法，如：
As we know As has been said before 如上所述 As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那樣 As is reported As was expected 正如預料的那樣 Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
重點比較：as 和which 引導的非限制性定語從句的聯絡和區別
1、as 和which 都可以代替整個句子，當定語從句置於主句之後時，as和which可以和互換。
Eg：He didn’t tell me any news, as/which upset me.
2、Which引導的從句，代表的前面的整個主句時，不能放在主句之前。而as 引導的定語從句，代表整個主句時，可以放在主句之前或之後，有時也可以放在主語和謂語之間。
Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
= Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.
As與that的區別
As 引導的定語從句表示它的內容與主句所講的`內容相似，即指同類事物；that 引導定語從句表示的內容與主句相同，即為同一事物。
e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .這正是我昨天丟的鋼筆。
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday .這正像我昨天丟的鋼筆。
（九）同位語從句與定語從句區別
1、同位語從句和定語從句結構相似，通常位於某一名詞或代詞之後，但兩者存在明顯區別：同為語從句對名詞性成分加以補充說明，是該名詞性成分具體內容的體現（相當於名詞的作用）。That 引導的同位語從句中引導詞that不在該同位語從句中充當成分，但不能被省略，同位語從句還可以用whether,how等連詞引導（定語從句則不能）。定語從句對先行詞加以限制或修飾，說明先行詞的性質或特徵（相當於一個形容詞的作用），定語從句的引導詞均在該定語從句中充當成分（that在其引導的限定性定語從句中充當主語，賓語或表語，充當定語從句的賓語，that可以省略）注意體會一下三組例句。
（1） 第一組
① We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light .我們解決不
瞭如何才能超過光的速度這個問題。
② I can’t remember the problem that they have.我記不得他們的問題了。
（2） 第二組
① I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不願相信他對他母親撒
謊的事實
② I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me .我不願相信他告訴我的事實。
（3） 第三組
① The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 湯姆將出國的訊息是他
講的。
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的訊息是湯姆來年將出國。
三、例題精析
例題1.【2011全國卷I】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
【解析】C。句意為“獎項將會頒發給故事展示了豐富想象力的作者。” 根據從句不缺成分和它與先行詞的關係可判斷前後為所屬關係，選whose作定語。
例題2.〖10全國Ⅱ〗I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
【解析】B。從句缺主語，先行詞為物。
例題3.【2011江蘇卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【解析】A。從句不缺任何成分，且先行詞為時間。
例題4.〖08浙江〗Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【解析】D。從句缺賓語，且為非限制性定語從句。
例題5. (2013陝西)______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C. What D. As
【解析】D。固定搭配“as is often the case”，像通常一樣。
例題6. (2012浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
【解析】B。從句缺主語且先行詞為人。
四、課堂運用
【基礎】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
【鞏固】
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
【拔高】
7.Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we are working since then.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which
課程小結
本節課的知識點相對比較多但難度係數不大，主要是講定語從句的各個關係詞具體用法。主要從九個方面進行講解，詳細講解了定語從句中各個關係代詞、關係副詞的用法和區別。本部分的學習還是要求學生掌握關鍵詞，具體什麼時候需要使用關係代詞或者關係副詞，什麼叫做定語從句，希望學生能夠保持思路清晰，做題的時候十拿九穩。
課後作業
【基礎】
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. where B. when C. which D. how
【鞏固】
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that's easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when B. that C. what D. which
【拔高】
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
A. which B. where C. when D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China's vast countryside.
A. as B. when C. until D. before
課後評價
這節課總體感覺課堂程序比較自然、順利，學生始終處在主動參與和積極配合的狀態中，達到了預期設想，體現了“學中用，用中學”的任務型語言教學理念。定語從句是中學英語教學的一個重要語法專案。學生在學習這一語法時，雖然感到困難很大，但理清語法知識點之後也覺得定語從句語法知識結構清晰並易於理解。希望學生課後能主動鞏固並複習，同時加強單詞記憶。